. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 24.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Neurol. 2010 Oct 12;6(12):702–706. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2010.145

Table 1.

Evidence for spreading of non-prion protein aggregates in the CNS

Protein	Inoculums	Host	Propagation Effect
Amyloid β	Intracerebral injection of AD and APP tg brain homogenates	Amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice	Aβ deposition at injection site and adjacent brain structures^17,18,34.
Tau²²	Tau fibrils	Neuronal cultured cells	Endocytic uptake of exogenous tau fibrils and induction of cytoplasmic endogenous tau proteins. Cell-to-cell transmission of uptaken tau²².
Tau²²	Intracerebral injection of brain extracts from tau transgenic mice	Transgenic mice expressing human wild type tau	Spreading of tau from site of injection to other brain structures²³.
α-synuclein	Aggregate producing-neuronal cell cultures	Neuronal cells	Endocytic uptake of α-synuclein aggregates³⁶.
	Transgenic mice overexpressing human α-synuclein	Mouse neuronal progenitor cells grafted into the mice brains	Interneuronal transmission of human α-synuclein³⁶.
	Parkinson's disease patients brains	Fetal stem cells grafted into the PD brains	Interneuronal transmission of Lewy inclusions^16,37-39.
PolyQ proteins	In vitro generated polyQ peptide fibers	Mammalian cells in culture	Internalization of fibers with subsequent recruitment of soluble endogenous polyQ proteins and aggregate formation¹⁶.