Table 1.
Different microarray types employed for disease diagnosis.
| Type of microarray | Method of development | Format | Density | Diagnostics application | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA | Printing, in situ synthesis | Oligonucleotide, cDNA | Low-High | Respiratory, digestive tract infections | [17,18,19,20,21] |
| RNA | Printing | miRNA, total RNA | Low-High | Liver diseases, viral miRNA | [22,23,24,25] |
| Protein and Peptide | Printing, stamping | Immunoassays, enzymatic assays, label-free | Moderate | Biomarker discovery, bacterial antigen | [1,14,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33] |
| Carbohydrate | Stamping, Drop-coating | Lectin assay | Moderate | Cell signaling, Biomarker discovery | [34,35,36,37] |
| Cellular | Droplet-coating | Immunoassays, protein assays, molecular assays | Low-moderate | Biomarker discovery, drug discovery, CTC identification | [38,39,40,41] |