Figure 3.

The proangiogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cell spheroids is dependent on osteogenic induction prior to encapsulation in collagen gels. Cells were cultured in growth media or osteogenic media for 12 days prior to being formed into spheroids or replated in adherent monolayers and analyzed for normalized VEGF secretion (A), total vascular endothelial growth factor secretion (B), and VEGFA gene expression (C). Chart values represent mean ± SD for n = 4. Significance is denoted by alphabetical letterings; groups with no significance are linked by the same letters, and groups with significance do not share the same letters. Abbreviations: GM, growth media; OM, osteogenic media; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.