Table 3. Beliefs of patients and the general public about the effects of physician-pharmaceutical industry interaction on prescribing behavior, quality of care, and cost of care.
| Beliefs about the effects of interaction on prescribing behavior | |||||||
| Type of interaction | Influences prescribing behavior | Has little or no influence on prescribing behavior | Not sure/Don’t know | No opinion/ Neutral | |||
| Country, year1 | % (N)2 | % (N) | % (N) | % (N) | Reference | ||
| Gifts in General | USA, 1995 | 70% (N = 486) | 24.5% (N = 486) | - | - | [52] | |
| USA, 2009 | 41.2% (N = 903) | 16.9% (N = 903) | 32.8% (N = 903) | 9.1% (N = 903) | [59] | ||
| USA, 2008 | 49% (N = 192) | - | - | - | [63] | ||
| Australia, 2007 | 59% (N = 134) | - | - | - | [58] | ||
| Turkey, 2004 | 29% (N = 584) | 37% (N = 584) | 33% (N = 584) | - | [57] | ||
| Australia, 2007 | - | 49% (N = 906) | - | 24% (N = 906) | [60] | ||
| Trip/Travel | Turkey, 2004 | 69.9% (N = 584) | 6.8% (N = 584) | 23.3% (N = 584) | - | [57] | |
| USA, 1998 | 56% (N = 196) | - | - | - | [55] | ||
| Dinner | Turkey, 2004 | 62.8% (N = 584) | 14.3% (N = 584) | 22.9% (N = 584) | - | [57] | |
| USA, 1998 | 48% (N = 196) | - | - | - | [55] | ||
| Drug sample and medical books | Turkey, 2004 | 46.1% (N = 584) | 33.2% (N = 584) | 20.7% (N = 584) | - | [57] | |
| USA, 1998 | 42% (N = 196) | - | - | - | [55] | ||
| Pen | USA, 1998 | 31% (N = 196) | - | - | - | [55] | |
| Turkey, 2004 | 32.6% (N = 584) | 52.6% (N = 584) | 14.8% (N = 584) | - | [57] | ||
| Obtaining an electrocardiogram or medical devices for the office | Turkey, 2004 | 71–74% (N = 584) | 5.1–9.8% (N = 584) | 19.3–20.8% (N = 584) | - | [57] | |
| Invitation to conferences for the weekend at hotels /invitation for the congresses | Turkey, 2004 | 59.2–63.5% (N = 584) | 8.9–19.5% (N = 584) | 27.6–29.8% (N = 584) | - | [57] | |
| Cover for the car seats | Turkey, 2004 | 61.7% (N = 584) | 19.7% (N = 584) | 18.6% (N = 584) | - | [57] | |
| Pocketknife | USA, 1998 | 28% (N = 196) | - | - | - | [55] | |
| Beliefs about the effect of interaction on quality of care | |||||||
| Influences decision/care | May influence decision/care | Has little or no influence | Not sure/No opinion | ||||
| Country, year | % (N) | % (N) | % (N) | % (N) | Reference | ||
| Gifts in General | Australia, 2007 | 27% (N = 906) | - | 49% (N = 906 | 24% (N = 906) | [60] | |
| South Africa, 2011 | 80% (N = 200) | 14% (N = 200) | 7% (N = 200) | - | [64] | ||
| Positive effect | No effect | Negative effect | Don’t know | ||||
| Office use gifts | USA, 1995 | 14% (N = 649) | 61% (N = 649) | 13% (N = 649) | 12% (N = 649) | [54] | |
| Personal gifts | USA, 1995 | 8% (N = 649) | 54% (N = 649) | 23% (N = 649) | 15% (N = 649) | [54] | |
| Beliefs about the effect of interaction on cost of care | |||||||
| Increases cost | No effect | Decreases cost | Don’t know | ||||
| Country, year | % (N) | % (N) | % (N) | % (N) | Reference | ||
| Gifts in General | USA, 1995 | 64% (N = 486) | 23% (N = 486) | 3.1% (N = 486) | - | [52] | |
| USA, 2009 | 67.3% (N = 903) | 31.6% (N = 903) | 1.2% (N = 903) | - | [59] | ||
| USA, 1998 | 33% (N = 196) | 39% (N = 196) | - | - | [55] | ||
| Turkey, 2004 | 54.5% (N = 584) | - | - | 35.2% (N = 584) | [57] | ||
| Office-use gift | USA, 1995 | 26% (N = 649) | 38% (N = 649) | 19% (N = 649) | 16% (N = 649) | [54] | |
| Personal gift | USA, 1995 | 42% (N = 649) | 30% (N = 649) | 14% (N = 649) | 14% (N = 649) | [54] | |
1 This indicates year of the study for each finding (and if not reported, the year of publication)
2 N refers to the sample size