Table II.

Univariate and multivariate associations between IPV in the past year and detectable PVL, late ART refill, and self-rated adherence

Outcome	Visits IPV exposed	Visits IPV unexposed	RR (95% CI)¥	χ2 (df)	aRR (95% CI)2	χ2 (df)
		n (%)	n (%)
Detectable plasma viral load1	3/88 (3.4)	65/482 (13.5)	0.25 (0.06, 1.08)	3.42 (1)	0.21 (0.05, 0.84)	14.0 (5)*
Late refill (>48 hours)2	81/517 (15.7)	479/2,672 (18.0)	0.87 (0.65, 1.18)	0.76 (1)	0.84 (0.61, 1.14)	8.01 (5)
< 80% by self-rating scale3	5/530 (1.0)	13/2,661 (0.50)	1.93 (0.68, 5.47)	1.23 (1)	1.58 (0.52, 4.74)	8.23 (5)

^*p-value<0.05

**; p-value<0.01

***; p-value<0.001

ART, antiretroviral adherence; df, degrees of freedom; IPV, intimate partner violence; PVL, plasma viral load; RR, Relative Risk; aRR, adjusted Relative Risk

^¥RRs estimated using generalized estimating equations with log link, independence correlation structure and robust standard errors. The Wald (Chi-squared) test was used for all test statistics.

^±Multivariate models adjusted for age (restricted cubic spline) and education (<8 vs. 8 or more years)

¹≥180 viral copies per milliliter. The adjusted model and included 195 women and 570 visits when viral load testing was performed.

²The adjusted model included 214 women and 3,189 visits when women were taking ART.

³The adjusted model included 213 women and 3,190 visits when women were taking ART.