Table 1.

Patient Characteristics at First Visit for Violent Injury, 2010

	Non-Recurrers N=47,941	Recurrers N=5,967	P value
Race	N (%)	N (%)	<0.001
White	24,911 (52.3)	3,410 (57.5)
Black	15,375 (32.3)	1,912 (32.2)
Hispanic	6,333 (13.3)	524 (8.8)
Asian/Pacific Islander	260 (0.6)	16 (0.3)
Native American	63 (0.1)	13 (0.2)
Other	685 (1.4)	61 (1.0)
Female	17,564 (36.6)	2,280 (38.2)	0.017
Age			<0.001
<18	5,824 (12.2)	529 (8.9)
18–34	24,862 (51.9)	3,070 (51.5)
35–54	14,146 (29.5)	2,070 (34.7)
≥55	3,109 (6.5)	298 (5.0)
Insurance type			<0.001
Private	7,638 (15.9)	426 (7.1)
Medicare	2,634 (5.5)	375 (6.3)
Medicaid	11,381 (23.7)	1,700 (28.5)
Uninsured/other	26,288 (54.8)	3,466 (58.1)
Zip code median income below the national median	33,387 (72.0)	4,307 (76.7)	<0.001
Homeless	516 (1.1)	198 (3.3)	<0.001
Urban location	41,131 (87.1)	5,071 (88.4)	0.005
Injury type			<0.001
Head injury	6,557 (13.7)	805 (13.5)
Spinal cord injury	21 (0.04)	2 (0.03)
Internal injury	751 (1.6)	65 (1.1)
Musculoskeletal injury	6,898 (14.4)	934 (15.7)
Open wound	12,618 (26.3)	1,431 (24.0)
Superficial injury	14,988 (31.3)	1,994 (33.4)
Other	6,108 (12.7)	736 (12.3
Mechanism			<0.001
Gunshot wound	1,180 (2.5)	92 (1.5)
Stab wound	3,007 (6.3)	365 (6.1)
Struck by or against	24,824 (51.8)	3,075 (51.5)
Other or multiple	18,924 (39.5)	2,435 (40.8)
Admitted to the hospital at index injury	3,428 (7.2)	363 (6.1)	0.002
Index presentation to trauma center	15,110 (31.5)	1,994 (33.4)	0.003
Injury Severity Score			0.022
<9	45,218 (94.3)	5,680 (95.2)
9–15	2,109 (4.4)	224 (3.8)
>15	614 (1.3)	63 (1.1)
Other visits
Mental health	5,240 (10.9)	1,588 (26.6)	<0.001
Substance use	1,864 (3.9)	641 (10.7)	<0.001
Alcohol abuse	2,064 (4.3)	977 (16.4)	<0.001
Unintentional injury	15,619 (32.6)	3,416 (57.3)	<0.001

^*T test. All others χ² test.