Table 2.

Multivariable Logistic Regression Results: Risk Factors for Recurrent Violent Injury and Severe Recurrent Violent Injury

	Any Recurrence		Severe Recurrence
	Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval)	p-Value	Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval)	p-Value
Race
White	1	Reference
Black	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	0.009	1.4 (1.1–1.8)	0.018
Hispanic	0.7 (0.6–0.8)	<0.001
Asian/Pacific Islander	0.7 (0.4–1.1)	0.104
Native American	1.7 (0.9–3.2)	0.109
Other	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.287
Female	1 (0.9–1.0)	0.509	0.3 (0.2–0.5)	<0.001
Age
<18	0.7 (0.7–0.8)	<0.001	0.6 (0.3–1.1)	0.073
18–34	1	Reference	1	Reference
35–54	1 (0.9–1.0)	0.345	1.6 (1.2–2.1)	0.001
≥55	0.7 (0.6–0.8)	<0.001	1.5 (0.9–2.4)	0.087
Insurance type
Private	1	Reference
Medicare	1.6 (1.4–1.9)	<0.001
Medicaid	2.1 (1.9–2.4)	<0.001	1.5 (1.0–2.4)	0.061
Uninsured/other	1.9 (1.7–2.1)	<0.001	1.8 (1.2–2.6)	0.003
Zip code median income below
national median	1.2 (1.1–1.3)	<0.001	1.3 (1.0–1.9)	0.085
Homeless	1.8 (1.4–2.1)	<0.001
Rural residence	0.9 (0.8–0.9)	0.001
Injury severity score
<9	1	Reference
9–15	1.0 (0.8–1.1)	0.618
>15	0.9 (0.6–1.2)	0.321
Admitted to the hospital at index injury	0.9 (0.8–1.0)	0.066	1.5 (1.0–2.2)	0.023
Index presentation to trauma center	1 (1.0–1.1)	0.226	1.3 (1.0–1.6)	0.072
Mechanism of Injury
Gunshot wound	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	0.020
Stab wound	1.0 (0.9–1.2)	0.621
Struck by or against	1	Reference
Other or multiple	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	0.688
Other visits
Mental health	1.8 (1.7–2.0)	<0.001	1.8 (1.3–2.4)	<0.001
Substance use	1.6 (1.4–1.7)	<0.001
Alcohol abuse	2.6 (2.4–2.9)	<0.001	2.7 (1.9–3.7)	<0.001
Unintentional injury	2.2 (2.0–2.3)	<0.001	1.7 (1.3–2.1)	<0.001