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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Heart Rhythm. 2016 May 20;13(9):1922–1931. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.05.017

Figure 5. Complex APD oscillations and APV-ALT predict VT/VF in HF patients.

Figure 5

(A) 26 year old male with cardiomyopathy and VT/VF on follow-up showing complex, non-alternating, APD oscillations constituting 5.1% of mean APD during pacing with CL=600ms. The frequency spectrum showed a broad peak at 0.2–0.35 cycles/beat (non-alternating periodicity) even greater than the significant alternans peak at 0.5 cycles/beat (k-score>13.27). (B) 72 year old male with cardiomyopathy and VT/VF during follow-up showing minimal complex APD oscillations (2.4%) and a broad peak at 0.3–0.45 cycles/beat, yet a modest alternans peak (k-score 1.78). (C) 61 year old male with cardiomyopathy and no events during follow-up free of complex APD oscillations (1.3%) and APV-ALT (k-score=−1.03).