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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Brain Res. 2016 Aug 6;314:152–158. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.012

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Selective activation of the trigeminal α2-adrenoceptor produces dose-dependent antinociception on the reward/conflict-based operant assay of acute pain; estradiol attenuates it in females. Data obtained from the acute pain testing with the thermode temperature set at 48°C revealed that intracisternal injection of clonidine significantly and dose-dependently (0 < 0.875 < 1.75 μg) increased the number of licks (A), licks/contact (B), and reward intake (C) in male and OVX groups. However, it failed to produce any effect on any parameter in the OVX+E group (A-C). Pre-treatment with yohimbine abolished the effect of clonidine (1.75 μg) in both male and OVX groups on all three parameters (A-C). Higher doses of clonidine produced sedative effect in pilot experiments and were excluded.