Table 1.

Means and standard deviations of study outcomes by time point and by comorbidity status

	Baseline – M(SD)		Post – M (SD)		Follow-up – M(SD)
	ODD−	ODD+	ODD−	ODD+	ODD−	ODD+
Parent-reported Defiance
NFPP	13.8 (7.6)	22.0 (8.2)	9.1 (4.3)	15.0 (7.8)	10.8 (6.7)	15.7 (7.6)
HNC	14.1 (6.9)	23.0 (7.3)	9.7 (6.8)	12.3 (6.7)	11.0 (7.8)	14.1 (9.7)
WL	15.8 (11)	24.7 (6.3)	16.2 (8.1)	23.3 (9.4)	–	–
Teacher-reported Defiance
NFPP	14.6 (9.9)	23.8 (11)	10.6 (7.2)	17.3 (10)	6.5 (7.0)	16.3 (12)
HNC	14.0 (10)	21.8 (12)	13.9 (10)	15.8 (10)	8.6 (8.2)	10.4 (10)
WL	16.9 (11)	18.4 (10)	12.1 (10)	15.1 (12)	–	–
Parent-reported Aggression
NFPP	1.4 (1.6)	4.4 (3.6)	1.25 (1.3)	3.3 (3.4)	1.1 (1.2)	1.8 (2.2)
HNC	1.8 (3.5)	4.9 (4.4)	1.4 (2.7)	2.1 (2.1)	1.7 (2.1)	2.2 (2.0)
WL	3.2 (5.0)	5.4 (4.3)	3.3 (4.2)	4.7 (3.9)	–	–
Teacher-reported Aggression
NFPP	2.4 (3.4)	6.5 (5.2)	1.5 (2.1)	4.8 (4.4)	.5 (1.0)	4.8 (5.1)
HNC	2.8 (3.6)	5.8 (5.2)	2.4 (3.4)	3.3 (3.8)	1.8 (3.7)	2.2 (4.1)
WL	5.3 (5.7)	2.4 (3.0)	2.5 (3.3)	2.3 (2.7)	–	–
Parent-reported IN
NFPP	14.6 (8.8)	17.2 (6.9)	11.7 (7.2)	13.1 (7.0)	13.0 (9.5)	12.9 (7.5)
HNC	15.1 (6.7)	15.7 (7.0)	10.0 (6.7)	10.1 (7.7)	11.3 (6.4)	9.3 (6.3)
WL	18.5 (7.8)	18.3 (8.2)	17.7 (7.2)	18.4 (8.4)	–	–
Teacher-reported IN
NFPP	7.1 (4.7)	6.8 (3.6)	5.1 (3.8)	4.6 (4.3)	4.1 (5.7)	3.6 (4.0)
HNC	6.6 (4.7)	7.6 (4.5)	5.3 (5.8)	5.2 (4.3)	2.9 (2.2)	5.8 (7.1)
WL	4.8 (3.3)	9.0 (7.7)	4.3 (3.7)	6.6 (5.4)	–	–
Parent-reported HI
NFPP	17.9 (6.0)	19.3 (5.2)	12.8 (6.5)	13.1 (6.1)	14.6 (6.6)	14.4 (5.7)
HNC	19.9 (4.1)	19.0 (4.5)	11.6 (5.1)	12.1 (5.1)	13.0 (6.0)	12.4 (6.2)
WL	19.5 (5.1)	21.4 (7.3)	17.8 (6.3)	21.2 (6.7)	–	–
Teacher-reported HI
NFPP	15.0 (4.9)	16.2 (4.2)	11.8 (5.4)	12.3 (5.5)	8.1 (4.3)	10.8 (6.4)
HNC	15.6 (4.5)	15.1 (5.1)	13.3 (5.1)	12.0 (4.9)	10.3 (5.6)	8.3 (6.2)
WL	16.3 (4.2)	15.3 (6.3)	12.5 (6.0)	13.3 (6.5)	–	–

ODD Oppositional Defiant Disorder (0 = absent; 1 = present), IN Inattention, HI Hyperactive/Impulsive