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. 2016 Aug 12;12(3):224–247. doi: 10.1007/s13181-016-0580-6

Table 6.

Reason for medical toxicology encounter

N (%)
Intentional exposure—pharmaceutical 4244 (52.3)
Intentional exposure—nonpharmaceutical 891 (11.0)
Unintentional exposure—pharmaceutical 664 (8.2)
Organ system dysfunction 344 (4.2)
Withdrawal—opioid 327 (4.0)
Unintentional exposure—nonpharmaceutical 279 (3.4)
Unknown 258 (3.2)
Envenomation—snake 230 (2.8)
Withdrawal—ethanol 205 (2.5)
Interpretation of toxicology data 156 (1.9)
Environmental evaluation 138 (1.7)
Occupational evaluation 126 (1.6)
Ethanol abuse 102 (1.3)
Withdrawal—sedative/hypnotic 59 (0.7)
Envenomation—spider 31 (0.4)
Malicious/criminal 24 (0.3)
Withdrawal—other 10 (0.1)
Envenomation—scorpion 10 (0.1)
Envenomation—other 7 (0.1)
Marine 5 (0.1)
Withdrawal—cocaine/amphetamine 4 (0.1)
Not documented 1 (0.0)
Total 8115 (100)