Table 2.

Radiological and biomechanical data between the specimen over and under 65 years.

	Control group		Experimental group
	Over 65 years (n = 6)	Under 65 years (n = 6)	Over 65 years (n = 16)		Under 65 years (n = 14)		p values†
Age (year)	70.0 ± 1.4	52.4 ± 3.6	78.7 ± 10.3		59.4 ± 4.8		0.376 (Over 65 years) 0.067 (Under 65 years)
(1) Radiological factors
BMD of the neck (mg/cm2)	0.6 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.54 ± 0.14		0.83 ± 0.10		0.494 (Over 65 years) 0.201 (Under 65 years)
BMD of the greater trochanter (mg/cm2)	0.6 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.49 ± 0.15		0.87 ± 0.11		0.178 (Over 65 years) 0.841 (Under 65 years)
BMD of the whole femur (mg/cm2)	1.0 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	1.23 ± 1.93		1.09 ± 0.17		0.90 (Over 65 years) 0.109 (Under 65 years)
(2) Biomechanical factors
Ultimate load (N)	4742.7 ± 758.5	7712.8 ± 667.9	3115.8 ± 1182.6		5104.2 ± 1300.3		0.027 (Over 65 years) 0.001 (Under 65 years)
Stiffness (N/mm)	920.2 ± 52.4	1060.8 ± 82.5	675.1 ± 158.5		641.1 ± 116.8		0.002 (Over 65 years) 0.012 (Under 65 years)
			PFNA (n = 8)	DHS (n = 8)	PFNA (n = 7)	DHS (n = 7)	p values‡
Ultimate load (N)			3028.6 ± 1151.3	3203.1 ± 1286.1	5293.7 ± 1202.3	4914.8 ± 1460.8	0.57 (Over 65 years) 0.81 (Under 65 years)
Stiffness (N/mm)			672.2 ± 121.3	675.1 ± 158.5	770.9 ± 94.0	641 ± 116.8	0.96 (Over 65 years) 0.54 (Under 65 years)

^†For statistical analysis Mann-Whitney U test was used and p values under 0.05 were considered to be significant. The age, radiological factors, and biomechanical factors between control and experimental group were compared and analyzed statistically according to aged group.

^‡For statistical analysis Mann-Whitney U test was used and p values under 0.05 were considered to be significant. Only PFNA and DHS subgroups over and under 65 years in experimental group were analyzed statistically.

The values were described as mean ± standard deviation.

Data were reported as mean (standard deviation (SD)).

DHS: dynamic hip screw.

PFNA-II: proximal femoral nail antirotation.

N: newton.

cm: centimeter.

°: degree.

mg: milligram.