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. 2016 Jul 18;12(9):1052–1062. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.15811

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Alcohol increases disease phenotypes including lipid accumulation and hepatocellular carcinoma markers, and oxidative mitochondrial injury in human iPSC-derived mature stage hepatocytes. (A) Lipid droplets were stained with Oil Red O in control groups and ethanol treated groups. (B) After staining, Oil Red O was extracted by isopropanol and the absorbance at 492nm was measured. (C) Expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN), hepatocellular carcinoma markers glypican3 (GPC3) and filamin B (FLNB), and tumor suppressor, TP53 were measured by Real-time PCR. (D) Immunostaining of 8-OHdG, a marker for oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage, in alcohol treated day 25 mature stage hepatocytes derived from human iPSCs. (E) Expression of IL-6 and Neil 1 were examined by Real-time PCR in the day 25 hepatocytes exposed to alcohol 0 to 200 mM. (F) NAC treatment restored expression of Neil-1, FASN, and GPC3 in the alcohol treated mature hepatocytes. The treatment period and cell stage for Figure 4 is the same as those used for Figure 3. *:p<0.05, Scale Bar, 100µm.