Table 1.
Antibacterial activity of all extracts of Heliotropium bacciferum.
| Plant parts | Plant extracts (µg) | Zone of inhibition (mm) ± standard error mean | St. devα | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tested bacterial strains | |||||||||
| EC | SA | BC | PA | KP | PM | ECA | |||
| Leaves | Methanol | 13 ± 0.32 | 16 ± 0.51 | 15 ± 0.39 | 16 ± 0.44 | 18 ± 0.46 | 12 ± 0.62 | 17 ± 0.35 | 2.138 |
| n-Hexane | 19 ± 0.46 | 17 ± 0.34 | 14 ± 0.53 | 17 ± 0.58 | 20 ± 0.71 | 14 ± 0.34 | 15 ± 0.34 | 2.370 | |
| Chloroform | 14 ± 0.29 | R | 12 ± 0.62 | 16 ± 0.37 | 17 ± 0.73 | 13 ± 0.45 | R | 3.988 | |
| Ethyl acetate | 18 ± 0.65 | 19 ± 0.53 | 13 ± 0.53 | 15 ± 0.53 | 21 ± 0.69 | 12 ± 0.56 | 14 ± 0.67 | 3.367 | |
| n-Butanol | 13 ± 0.36 | R | 11 ± 0.38 | 14 ± 0.75 | 10 ± 0.28 | 9 ± 0.44 | R | 2.734 | |
| Aqueous | 10 ± 0.72 | R | R | R | 11 ± 0.39 | 10 ± 0.29 | 13 ± 0.46 | 2.360 | |
|
| |||||||||
| Flowers | Methanol | 15 ± 0.53 | 13 ± 0.33 | 12 ± 0.27 | 17 ± 0.54 | 18 ± 0.73 | 14 ± 0.55 | 12 ± 0.43 | 2.370 |
| n-Hexane | 17 ± 0.46 | 19 ± 0.76 | 15 ± 0.63 | 18 ± 0.66 | 19 ± 0.75 | 13 ± 0.34 | 15 ± 0.55 | 2.299 | |
| Chloroform | 13 ± 0.42 | 10 ± 0.64 | 14 ± 0.52 | 13 ± 0.43 | 16 ± 0.64 | 12 ± 0.47 | R | 2.911 | |
| Ethyl acetate | 16 ± 0.64 | 20 ± 0.74 | 15 ± 0.62 | 13 ± 0.67 | 19 ± 0.48 | 14 ± 0.69 | 12 ± 0.31 | 2.992 | |
| n-Butanol | 14 ± 0.34 | 11 ± 0.54 | R | 15 ± 0.27 | 13 ± 0.46 | R | 11 ± 0.36 | 3.185 | |
| Aqueous | 12 ± 0.45 | 10 ± 0.27 | R | R | 10 ± 0.52 | 9 ± 0.24 | 13 ± 0.54 | 2.289 | |
|
| |||||||||
| Stem | Methanol | 12 ± 0.46 | 15 ± 0.63 | 13 ± 0.74 | 14 ± 0.58 | 16 ± 0.62 | 15 ± 0.53 | 13 ± 0.37 | 1.414 |
| n-Hexane | 16 ± 0.57 | 15 ± 0.48 | 18 ± 0.60 | 16 ± 0.47 | 14 ± 0.37 | 14 ± 0.36 | 11 ± 0.46 | 2.193 | |
| Chloroform | 15 ± 0.53 | R | 13 ± 0.53 | 14 ± 0.64 | 17 ± 0.56 | 10 ± 0.28 | 10 ± 0.33 | 3.450 | |
| Ethyl acetate | 13 ± 0.60 | 16 ± 0.53 | 17 ± 0.45 | 12 ± 0.32 | 16 ± 0.41 | 15 ± 0.29 | 15 ± 0.40 | 1.773 | |
| n-Butanol | 11 ± 0.43 | 15 ± 0.52 | 13 ± 0.28 | 11 ± 0.43 | 15 ± 0.64 | R | R | 3.352 | |
| Aqueous | 10 ± 0.29 | R | R | R | 13 ± 0.42 | 10 ± 0.29 | 11 ± 0.26 | 2.360 | |
|
| |||||||||
| Control | Ampicillin | 27 ± 0.65 | 25 ± 0.58 | 23 ± 0.46 | 25 ± 0.59 | 29 ± 0.84 | 26 ± 0.63 | 22 ± 0.67 | 2.463 |
Zone of inhibition (mm) showing sensitivity. R: no inhibition zone (resistance); ampicillin: 8 µg; α: standard deviations; EC: Escherichia coli; SA: Staphylococcus aureus; BC: Bacillus cereus; PA: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; KP: Klebsiella pneumoniae; PM: Proteus mirabilis; and ECA: Erwinia carotovora.