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. 2016 Jul 18;6(11):1810–1820. doi: 10.7150/thno.16127

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Scheme 1 — The effects of silica NPs on Wnt signaling. Wnt signal is transduced via its receptor, Dvl, the degradation complex and β-Catenin, through which Wnt regulates its target gene expression and multiple biological processes (blue arrow-guided pathway). Cellular uptake of silica NPs promotes Dvl degradation via the endosome-lysosome pathway, and prevents Wnt signal transduction (orange arrow-guided pathway). Blocking the endosome-lysosome pathway enables Dvl to avoid silica NPs-induced degradation and rescues Wnt signaling (purple arrow-guided pathway).