TABLE 5.
Recommendations for vitamin A intake by age or population group by the Institute of Medicine (34) and the FAO (57)1
| US Institute of Medicine |
FAO |
||||
| Life-stage group | EAR, μg RAEs/d | AI or RDA, μg RAEs/d | UL,2 μg REs/d | Mean requirement, μg REs/d | Recommended safe intake, μg REs/d |
| Infants | |||||
| 0–6 mo | — | 400 | 600 | 180 | 375 |
| 7–12 mo | — | 500 | 600 | 190 | 400 |
| Children | |||||
| 1–3 y | 210 | 300 | 600 | 200 | 400 |
| 4–6 y | — | — | — | 200 | 450 |
| 4–8 y | 275 | 400 | 900 | ||
| 7–9 y | — | — | — | 250 | 500 |
| 9–13 y | — | — | — | — | — |
| Male | 445 | 600 | 1700 | — | — |
| Female | 420 | 600 | 1700 | — | — |
| Adolescents aged 10–18 y | 330–400 | 600 | |||
| Adults | |||||
| Females | |||||
| 14–18 y | 485 | 700 | 2800 | — | — |
| ≥19 y | 500 | 700 | 3000 | 270–300 | 500–600 |
| Males | |||||
| 14–18 y | 630 | 900 | 2800 | 300 | 600 |
| ≥19 y | 625 | 900 | 3000 | 300 | 600 |
| Pregnancy | |||||
| 14–18 y | 530 | 750 | 2800 | 370 | 800 |
| 19–50 y | 550 | 770 | 3000 | 370 | 800 |
| Lactation | |||||
| 14–18 y | 885 | 1200 | 2800 | 450 | 850 |
| 19–50 y | 900 | 1300 | 3000 | 450 | 850 |
1
RAEs are based on preformed retinol and a bioconversion factor of 12 μg β-carotene to 1 μg retinol (34), and REs are based on preformed retinol and a bioconversion factor of 6 μg β-carotene to 1 μg retinol (57). AI, Adequate Intake; EAR, Estimated Average Requirement; RAE, retinol activity equivalent; RE, retinol equivalent; UL, Tolerable Upper Intake Level.
2
The UL is based on preformed retinol alone.