TABLE 3.
HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality by quartiles of dietary indexes and for an increase of 1 SD in dietary indexes separately for men and women with a CRC diagnosis in the Multiethnic Cohort1
| Men |
Women |
|||||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | 1-SD increase | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | 1-SD increase | |
| HEI-2010 | ||||||||||
| Index score points (range) | 28–58 | 58–65 | 65–73 | 73–100 | 29–62 | 62–70 | 70–78 | 78–98 | ||
| Deaths, n | 291 | 273 | 279 | 288 | 1131 | 216 | 213 | 205 | 211 | 845 |
| Minimally adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 0.90 (0.76, 1.06) | 0.90 (0.76, 1.06) | 0.84 (0.71, 0.99) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.99) | 1 (ref) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.29) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.09) | 0.83 (0.68, 1.01) | 0.92 (0.86, 0.98) |
| Fully adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 0.91 (0.77, 1.08) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.11) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.90, 1.03) | 1 (ref) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.32) | 0.94 (0.76, 1.15) | 0.89 (0.72, 1.09) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) |
| AHEI-2010 | ||||||||||
| Index score points (range) | 30–58 | 58–64 | 64–71 | 71–92 | 28–58 | 58–65 | 65–71 | 71–90 | ||
| Deaths, n | 286 | 281 | 273 | 291 | 1131 | 207 | 223 | 217 | 198 | 845 |
| Minimally adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.20) | 0.95 (0.80, 1.12) | 1.05 (0.89, 1.24) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 1 (ref) | 0.97 (0.80, 1.18) | 1.08 (0.89, 1.31) | 0.82 (0.67, 1.00) | 0.96 (0.90, 1.03) |
| Fully adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.20) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.19) | 1.08 (0.90, 1.28) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.81, 1.19) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.32) | 0.83 (0.67, 1.03) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) |
| aMED | ||||||||||
| Index score points (range) | 0–2 | 3–4 | 5 | 6–9 | 0–2 | 3–4 | 5 | 6–9 | ||
| Deaths, n | 230 | 438 | 191 | 272 | 1131 | 193 | 306 | 141 | 205 | 845 |
| Minimally adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) | 1.03 (0.85, 1.25) | 1.12 (0.94, 1.34) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | 1 (ref) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.10) | 0.79 (0.63, 0.98) | 0.82 (0.67, 1.00) | 0.92 (0.86, 0.98) |
| Fully adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.16) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.17) | 0.99 (0.81, 1.22) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | 1 (ref) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.07) | 0.73 (0.58, 0.93) | 0.74 (0.58, 0.94) | 0.88 (0.81, 0.96) |
| DASH | ||||||||||
| Index score points (range) | 10–20 | 21–23 | 24–27 | 28–38 | 12–20 | 21–23 | 24–27 | 28–37 | ||
| Deaths, n | 263 | 252 | 346 | 270 | 1131 | 190 | 201 | 266 | 188 | 845 |
| Minimally adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 0.99 (0.83, 1.18) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.15) | 1.03 (0.86, 1.23) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) | 1 (ref) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.33) | 0.92 (0.76, 1.11) | 0.93 (0.75, 1.14) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.04) |
| Fully adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1 (ref) | 1.03 (0.86, 1.23) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.19) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.28) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) | 1 (ref) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.37) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.11) | 0.97 (0.77, 1.22) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.05) |
HRs (95% CIs) were obtained by Cox regression. Minimally adjusted HRs were adjusted for age at diagnosis, ethnicity, and stage at diagnosis; fully adjusted HRs were additionally adjusted for total energy intake, smoking status, pack-years, physical activity, education, radiation treatment, chemotherapy, NSAID use, family history of CRC, and comorbidities. P-trend tests were performed across index score categories while modeling the medians of the respective index score categories as a continuous variable. A significant P-trend was observed only across aMED score categories in women in the fully adjusted model (P-trend = 0.0008) and in the minimally adjusted model (P-trend = 0.005). AHEI, Alternative Healthy Eating Index; aMED, alternate Mediterranean Diet score; CRC, colorectal cancer; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; HEI, Healthy Eating Index; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; Q, quartile; ref, reference.