TABLE 1.
Baseline estimated usual energy, rice, and vitamin A intakes and prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake in women and young children in Bangladesh, Indonesia, and the Philippines1
| Usual energy intake,2 kcal/d |
Usual rice intake,2 g/d |
Usual vitamin A intake,2,3 μg RAE/d |
|||||
| N | Median (25th, 75th percentiles) | Mean ± SE [% rice consumers] | Median (25th, 75th percentiles) | Mean ± SE | Median (25th, 75th percentiles) | Prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake,4 % | |
| Bangladesh | |||||||
| Women | 237 | 1796 (1485, 2198) | 419 ± 8.4 [100] | 417 (361, 475) | 219 ± 15.1 | 179 (110, 287) | 93 |
| Children | 77 | 932 (745, 1113) | 148 ± 5.8 [100] | 146 (112, 182) | 100 ± 8.1 | 83 (51, 130) | 93 |
| Indonesia | |||||||
| Women | 65,678 | 1147 (882, 1480) | 163 ± 0.4 [98] | 160 (125, 198) | 426 ± 1.8 | 387 (261, 551) | 68 |
| Children | 6945 | 817 (578, 1107) | 85 ± 0.02 [96] | 72 (44, 108) | 307 ± 2.1 | 281 (175, 411) | 34 |
| Philippines | |||||||
| Women | 4242 | 1519 (1130, 1987) | 280 ± 0.12 [100] | 269 (196, 355) | 380 ± 8.3 | 300 (197, 506) | 74 |
| Children | 939 | 666 (465, 943) | 78 ± 0.06 [100] | 109 (62, 175) | 335 ± 10.4 | 250 (123, 446) | 43 |
1
Women were aged 14–50 y; children were aged 1–3 y. EAR, estimated average requirement, RAE, retinol activity equivalent.
2
Usual energy, rice, and vitamin A intakes were estimated by using the Iowa State University method (16) with the PC-Side program.
3
Vitamin A intakes were calculated by using RAEs.
4
Prevalence of inadequacy was based on the EAR of 485 μg vitamin A/d for nonpregnant, nonlactating females (14–18 y old) and 500 μg vitamin A/d for women (19–50 y old), and 210 μg vitamin A/d for children 1–3 y old (13).