TABLE 2.
Relation between flavanone and anthocyanin intake and MI in participants from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study1
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | P-trend | |
| Flavanones, mg/d | 7.5 | 23.6 | 43.5 | 64.5 | 103.9 | |
| Total MI cases, n/person-years | 844/174,303 | 761/176,057 | 792/173,908 | 819/168,361 | 830/164,287 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.0 | 0.89 (0.80, 0.98) | 0.86 (0.78, 0.94) | 0.86 (0.78, 0.95) | 0.86 (0.78, 0.94) | 0.006 |
| Multivariable | 1.0 | 0.96 (0.87, 1.06) | 0.96 (0.87, 1.06) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.09) | 0.98 (0.88, 1.08) | 0.87 |
| Nonfatal MI cases, n | 490 | 405 | 439 | 444 | 444 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.0 | 0.82 (0.72, 0.94) | 0.85 (0.75, 0.97) | 0.87 (0.76, 0.99) | 0.86 (0.76, 0.98) | 0.15 |
| Multivariable | 1.0 | 0.87 (0.76, 0.99) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) | 1.01 (0.88, 1.16) | 0.34 |
| Fatal MI cases, n/person-years | 350/174,303 | 354/176,057 | 352/173,908 | 375/168,361 | 385/164,287 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.0 | 0.98 (0.85, 1.14) | 0.87 (0.75, 1.01) | 0.86 (0.75, 1.00) | 0.86 (0.74, 0.99) | 0.02 |
| Multivariable | 1.0 | 1.10 (0.95, 1.28) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.18) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.18) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.11) | 0.22 |
| Anthocyanins, mg/d | 1.9 | 4.5 | 7.8 | 13.7 | 26.3 | |
| Total MI cases, n/person-years | 863/167,657 | 833/171,701 | 793/173,427 | 814/173,317 | 743/170,814 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.0 | 0.96 (0.87, 1.05) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.98) | 0.90 (0.82, 0.99) | 0.82 (0.74, 0.90) | <0.0001 |
| Multivariable | 1.0 | 1.04 (0.94, 1.14) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.10) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.14) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.07) | 0.44 |
| Nonfatal MI cases, n | 482 | 448 | 443 | 469 | 380 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.0 | 0.92 (0.81, 1.04) | 0.90 (0.79, 1.02) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 0.76 (0.66, 0.87) | 0.0002 |
| Multivariable | 1.0 | 0.96 (0.84, 1.09) | 0.97 (0.85, 1.10) | 1.04 (0.91, 1.18) | 0.87 (0.75, 1.00) | 0.098 |
| Fatal MI cases, n/person-years | 379/167,657 | 384/171,701 | 349/173,427 | 343/173,317 | 361/170,814 | |
| Age-adjusted | 1.0 | 1.01 (0.88, 1.17) | 0.89 (0.77, 1.03) | 0.85 (0.73, 0.98) | 0.88 (0.77, 1.02) | 0.04 |
| Multivariable | 1.0 | 1.14 (0.99, 1.32) | 1.02 (0.88, 1.19) | 1.03 (0.88, 1.20) | 1.10 (0.94, 1.28) | 0.56 |
1
Values are HRs (95% CIs) unless otherwise specified; median intakes are expressed as mg/d. The multivariable model was adjusted for age, physical activity, smoking, BMI, alcohol, energy, cereal fiber, folate, SFAs, PUFAs, trans fatty acids, marital status, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and family history of MI. MI, myocardial infarction.