Figure 1. Protective effects of SAL against theCoCl₂-induced loss of viability and increase in apoptosis ofMG-63 and ROB cells.

(a) MG-63 cells were pre-treated with SAL (1–1000 nM) for 24 h, followed by treatment with CoCl₂ (0.5 mM) for an additional 24 h in the presence of SAL. (b) ROB cells were pre-treated with SAL (1–1000 nM) for 24 h, followed by treatment with CoCl₂ (0.3 mM) for an additional 24 h in the presence of SAL. (c) The mean percentage of apoptotic MG-63 cells was measured via flow cytometric assay. Cells were pre-treated with or without SAL for 24 h, followed by treatment with CoCl₂ (0.5 mM) for an additional 24 h. (d) The mean percentage of apoptotic ROB cells was measured by flow cytometric assay. Cells were pre-treated with or without SAL for 24 h, followed by treatment with CoCl₂ (0.3 mM) for an additional 24 h. **P < 0.01 compared with control; ^##P < 0.01 compared with CoCl₂. The data are expressed as the means ± SD.