Table 8.
Histopathology-Histomorphometry for the femur in sham-operated or OVX ddY mice: cortical bones and osteoclast cells.
| Items Groups | Left Femur Tissues | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cbt | Ocn | OS/BS | |
| Controls | |||
| Sham | 209.33 ± 18.14 | 5.50 ± 0.93 | 8.52 ± 1.57 |
| OVX | 151.14 ± 11.14 * | 17.00 ± 2.00 * | 21.00 ± 2.39 * |
| Estradiol | 184.17 ± 8.40 *,# | 7.63 ± 1.06 *,# | 13.12 ± 1.41 *,# |
| RC | 175.49 ± 4.41 *,# | 13.75 ± 1.49 *,† | 17.16 ± 1.89 *,# |
| PCP | 172.05 ± 8.17 *,# | 14.13 ± 1.64 *,† | 17.75 ± 1.46 *,# |
| RC:PCP | |||
| 1:1 | 189.27 ± 7.10 *,#,†,‡ | 9.13 ± 1.13 *,#,†,‡ | 13.46 ± 1.88 *,#,†,‡ |
| 1:2 | 179.81 ± 8.89 *,# | 13.00 ± 1.85 *,# | 16.63 ± 1.74 *,# |
| 1:4 | 176.39 ± 9.83 *,# | 13.50 ± 1.51 *,# | 17.08 ± 1.65 *,# |
| 1:8 | 173.84 ± 9.20 *,# | 13.88 ± 1.89 *,# | 16.77 ± 3.23 *,# |
| 2:1 | 197.13 ± 9.00 #,†,‡ | 7.00 ± 0.76 #,†,‡ | 11.46 ± 1.37 *,#,†,‡ |
| 4:1 | 187.92 ± 10.08 *,#,†,‡ | 9.38 ± 1.30 *,#,†,‡ | 13.64 ± 1.99 *,#,†,‡ |
| 8:1 | 172.30 ± 6.68 *,# | 13.63 ± 2.33 *,# | 17.82 ± 0.98 *,# |
Values are expressed mean ± S.D. of eight mice. * p < 0.05 as compared with sham control; # p < 0.05 as compared with OVX control; † p < 0.01 as compared with RC single formula treated mice; ‡ p < 0.01 as compared with PCP single formula treated mice. OVX = Bilateral ovariectomy; RC = Red clover dry extracts; PCP = Pomegranate Concentrate Powder; RC:PCP = Mixed formulations consisted of RC and PCP (g/g); Cbt = Cortical bone thickness (Cross thickness; μm); Ocn = Osteoclast cell number (N/epiphyseal); OS/BS = Osteoclast cell surface/bone surface (%).