Table 2.
Findings from studies examining the effect of various dietary patterns on type 2 diabetes risk factors in youth.
| Dietary Patterns | Studies | Weight Outcomes | Other Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Very low-carbohydrate vs. low-fat diet | Gow et al., 2014 [12] 1 | Possible short-term benefit of very low-carbohydrate diet | 3 studies from review [27,28,29] report greater benefit of very low-carbohydrate diet for improving insulin resistance |
| Increased-protein vs. standard-protein diet | Gow et al., 2014 [12] 1; Garnett et al., 2014 [31] 2; Truby et al., 2016 [32] 2 | No differences observed between groups | No differences observed between groups |
| Lower vs. higher glycemic index diet | Parillo et al., 2012 [34] 2; Iannuzzi et al., 2009 [35] 2; Joslowski et al., 2015 [36] 2; Damsgaard et al., 2013 [37] 2 | 2 studies [34,36] report significant benefit of lower glycemic index | 3 studies [34,35,37] report greater benefit of lower glycemic index for improving insulin resistance |
| Very low-energy diet vs. low-fat diet | Figueroa-Colon et al., 1993 [38] 2; Berkowitz et al., 2011 [39] 2 | Greater short-term weight loss and preservation of lean body mass in very low-energy diet [38,39] | No differences between intervention groups reported to date |
| Intermittent modified fasting | N/A | N/A | N/A |
1 Systematic review including seven trials comparing a very low-carbohydrate to a low-fat diet and six studies comparing an increased-protein to a standard-protein diet; 2 Randomised controlled trial.