Effects of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) addition and time after feeding on the weight gain (A); flow rate of saliva (B); and weight of submandibular gland (C). n = 6 per group at each time. Symbols and vertical bars represent means and standard errors, respectively. There were no effects of interaction and FOS addition on weight gain, flow rate of saliva, and weight of submandibular gland (interaction: p = 0.8, 0.5, and 0.7, respectively; FOS addition: p = 0.9, 0.2, and 0.4, respectively, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)). Time after feeding affected weight gain, flow rate of saliva, and weight of submandibular gland (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, respectively).