Table 4.
Multilevel logistic regression analysis of the prevalence, awareness, treatment and self-management of diabetes among unique ethnic minorities in southwest China.
| Predictors | Prevalence | Awareness | Treatment | Taking Measures to Lower Glucose | Medication Adherence | Monitoring Blood Glucose |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Individual variables | ||||||
| Age | 1.04 (1.02, 1.05) b | 1.05 (1.04, 1.07) b | 1.01 (0.96, 1.05) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) | 1.04 (0.99, 1.08) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.01) |
| Gender (reference: male) | 1.09 (0.85, 1.40) | 1.28 (0.93, 1.78) | 1.34 (0.56, 3.20) | 1.74 (0.53, 5.68) | 1.32 (0.59, 2.97) | 1.43 (0.65, 3.17) |
| Na Xi (reference: Li Su) | 1.00 (0.51, 1.95) | 1.01 (0.41, 2.52) | 1.71 (0.22, 13.2) | 4.17 (0.30, 58.9) | 0.36 (0.04, 3.38) | 2.38 (0.28, 20.0) |
| Dai (reference: Li Su) | 0.86 (0.34, 2.16) | 0.30 (0.08, 1.15) | 0.26 (0.03, 2.01) | 5.79 (0.23, 143) | 1.71 (0.24, 12.2) | 0.14 (0.01, 1.99) |
| Jing Po (reference: Li Su) | 0.78 (0.34, 1.81) | 0.31 (0.09, 1.07) | 1.25 (0.17, 9.21) | 3.59 (0.19, 68.1) | 2.26 (0.33, 15.7) | 0.06 (0.00, 0.84) |
| Educational level (reference: less than primary education) | 1.22 (0.90, 1.65) | 1.87 (1.26, 2.77) a | 4.89 (1.87, 12.7) a | 2.42 (0.65, 8.98) | 4.83 (1.95, 11.9) b | 6.45 (2.23, 18.6) b |
| Household assets (reference: poor) | 1.18 (0.90, 1.54) | 1.38 (0.98, 1.95) | 2.81 (1.11, 7.12) a | 0.38 (0.10, 1.41) | 1.38 (0.59, 3.24) | 3.29 (1.48, 7.30) a |
| Medical services accessibility (reference: poor) | 0.97 (0.70, 1.34) | 0.88 (0.56, 1.36) | 7.09 (2.46, 20.4) b | 0.99 (0.23, 4.31) | 4.14 (1.46, 11.7) a | 1.17 (0.39, 3.48) |
| Township variables | ||||||
| Percent with primary (Grades 1–6) education or higher | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) | 0.93 (0.86, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.09) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.11) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) |
| Mean yearly income (×1000 Yuan) | 1.84 (1.20, 2.83) a | 2.57 (1.21, 5.48) | 3.04 (1.20, 7.73) a | 1.59 (0.42, 6.00) | 1.20 (0.49, 2.93) | 4.34 (1.45, 13.0) a |
Notes: Table 4 shows the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the prevalence, awareness, treatment of diabetes and taking measures to lower glucose, medication adherence and monitoring of blood glucose among unique ethnic minorities according to multilevel logistic regression analyses. Individual variables were set at the first level and township variables at the second. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. a Denotes p < 0.05 for the difference; b denotes p < 0.001 for the difference.