Table 3.
Prevalence ratios for respiratory conditions among cooks by demographic and household exposure indicators.
| Study Factors | Had 1 or More Respiratory Conditions | PR a (95% CI) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N ^ | n (%) P | |||
| Household Size | ||||
| 2–3 people R | 8/12 | 66.7 | 1.00 | |
| 4–5 people | 17/27 | 63.0 | 0.94 (0.58–1.55) | 0.821 |
| 6–7 people | 8/13 | 61.5 | 0.92 (0.51–1.66) | 0.790 |
| Family Monthly Income in Sri Lankan Rupees | ||||
| 15,000 or less R | 14/17 | 82.4 | 1.00 | |
| 15,001–25,000 | 12/25 | 48.0 | 0.58 (0.37–0.93) | 0.023 |
| 25,001 or more | 7/10 | 70.0 | 0.85 (0.54–1.35) | 0.490 |
| Age | ||||
| 35 years or younger R | 7/11 | 63.6 | 1.00 | |
| 36–45 years | 9/12 | 75.0 | 1.18 (0.68–2.05) | 0.561 |
| 46–55 years | 8/15 | 53.3 | 0.84 (0.44–1.61) | 0.595 |
| 56 years or older | 9/14 | 64.3 | 1.01 (0.56–1.83) | 0.973 |
| Highest Level of Education Achieved | ||||
| None to grade 9 R | 14/20 | 70.0 | 1.00 | |
| Grade 10 | 15/26 | 57.7 | 0.82 (0.53–1.28) | 0.385 |
| Grade 11 or higher | 4/6 | 66.7 | 0.95 (0.51–1.80) | 0.880 |
| Number of Years Cooking | ||||
| Less than 20 years R | 6/10 | 60.0 | 1.00 | |
| 21–30 years | 10/14 | 71.4 | 1.19 (0.65–2.18) | 0.572 |
| 21–40 years | 11/18 | 61.1 | 1.02 (0.54–1.90) | 0.954 |
| 41 years or more years | 6/10 | 60.0 | 1.00 (0.50–2.05) | 1.000 |
| Cooks 100% of the time * | ||||
| No R | 17/24 | 70.8 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 16/28 | 57.1 | 0.81 (0.57–+∞) | 0.153 |
| Type of Stove * | ||||
| Anagi R | 19/32 | 59.4 | 1.00 | |
| Traditional | 14/20 | 70.0 | 1.18 (0.84–+∞) | 0.213 |
| Stove with Chimney * | ||||
| Yes R | 15/29 | 51.7 | 1.00 | |
| No | 18/23 | 72.3 | 1.51 (1.07–+∞) | 0.025 |
| Location of Cooking Area | ||||
| Partitioned from rest of home R | 12/23 | 52.2 | 1.00 | |
| Not partitioned from rest of home | 10/15 | 66.7 | 1.28 (0.75–2.17) | 0.365 |
| Separate building from living space | 11/14 | 78.6 | 1.51 (0.93–2.43) | 0.093 |
| Mean 48-h Personal PM2.5 Concentrations, µg/m3 1,* | ||||
| Less than 100 R | 15/30 | 50.0 | 1.00 | |
| 100 to <200 | 10/14 | 71.4 | 1.25 (0.92–+∞) | 0.120 |
| 200 or higher | 6/6 | 100.0 | +∞ | – |
^ n = No. of cases with 1 or more respiratory conditions (cough, phlegm, wheezing (neck whistle), asthma diagnosis) and N = total number of cooks with respiratory information (52); P percentage of cases with 1 or more respiratory conditions; R reference category; a prevalence ratio; * one-sided p value and CI. 1 Note: Personal PM2.5 concentrations are available for 50 of the 52 cooks with respiratory information.