Table 1.
Effects of renal sympathetic denervation
| Ref. | Year | n (RDN/control) | Effector | Effect | Control |
| Ott et al[15] | 2013 | 19/- | Renal blood flow | None | None |
| Pöss et al[19] | 2015 | 137/- | Renal sodium excretion | Increased sodium excretion, less pronounced in responders | None |
| Mahfoud et al[24] Doltra et al[25] McLellan et al[26] Lu et al[27] | 2014 2014 2015 2016 | 55/17 5/23 14/- 139/- | Left ventricular mass | Reduced left ventricular mass after RDN | Medical therapy Medical therapy None Meta-analysis |
| McLellan et al[26] | 2015 | 14/- | Atrial conduction | Improved atrial conduction after RDN | None |
| Qiu et al[31] | 2016 | 21/- | Persistent atrial fibrillation | Reduced heart rate after RDN | None |
| Armaganijan et al[36] | 2015 | 10/- | Ventricular arrhythmia | Reduced frequency of ventricular arrhythmia episodes | None |
| Ott et al[15] Brandt et al[38] Mortensen et al[39] Hering et al[40] Okon et al[41] | 2013 2012 2012 2013 2016 | 19/- 110/10 21/- 40/10 23/- | Central hemo-dynamics | Reduced central BP and augmentation index after RDN Reduced aortic pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity and augmentation index Reduced augmentation index Unchanged invasive pulse wave velocity after RDN | None Medical None Medical None |
| Donazzan et al[51] van Brussel et al[52] Tsioufis et al[53] Vink et al[55] Brinkmann et al[56] Hering et al[57] Dörr et al[58,59] | 2015 2016 2014 2014 2012 2013 2015 2015 | 11/- 21/- 14/- 13/- 12/- 10/25 150/- 100/- | Sympathetic activity | Reduced cardiac sympathetic activity after RDN Unchanged cardiac sympathetic activity after RDN Reduced heart rate and arrhythmia burden and improved heart rate variability after RDN Unchanged muscle sympathetic nervous activity after RDN Reduced muscle sympathetic nervous activity after RDN Reduced Neuropeptide Y and transiently reduced brain derived neutrophic factor after RDN | None None None None None Medical None |
| Dörr et al[63] | 2015 | 60/- | Inflammation | Reduced systemic inflammation after RDN | None |
| Mahfoud et al[65] Verloop et al[66] | 2011 2015 | 37/13 29/- | Insulin sensitivity | Improved insulin sensitivity after RDN Unchanged insulin sensitivity | Medical None |
| Ewen et al[71] Ukena et al[69] Fengler et al[70] | 2014 2011 2016 | 50/10 37/9 22/26 | Exercise testing | Reduced Exercise BP after RDN | Medical Medical Sham |
| Lenski et al[72] | 2013 | 36 | Orthostatic reaction | None | None |
BP: Blood pressure; RDN: Renal sympathetic denervation.