Table 2.
Role of probiotics in inflammatory bowel diseases
| Ref. | No. (intervention/control) | Probiotic | Control | Results |
| Remission induction in UC | ||||
| Kato et al[68] | 20 (10/10) | B. breve, B. bifidum, L. acidophilus + 5ASA/SASP | Placebo | slight ↑ |
| Tursi et al[69] | 90 (30/60) | VSL#3 + balsalazide | Balsalazide alone | ↑ |
| 5ASA | ||||
| Miele et al[70] | 29 (14/15) | VSL#3 | Placebo | ↑ |
| Sood et al[71] | 147 (77/70) | VSL#3 | Placebo | ↑ |
| Matthes et al[72] | 57 (46/11) | E. coli Nissle 1917 | Placebo | ↑ |
| Tursi et al[73] | 144 (71/73) | VSL#3 | Placebo | ↑ |
| Maintenance of remission | ||||
| Kruis et al[74] | 103 (50/53) | E. coli Nissle 1917 | 5ASA | Similar efficacy |
| Kruis et al[75] | 327 (162/165) | E. coli Nissle 1917 | 5ASA | Similar efficacy |
| Zocco et al[76] | 187 (127/60) | Lactobacillus GG | 5ASA | Similar efficacy (LGG more effective than 5ASA alone in prolonging relapse free time) |
| Lactobacillus GG + 5ASA | ||||
| Miele et al[70] | 29 (14/15) | VSL#3 | Placebo | ↑ |
| Wildt et al[77] | 32 (20/12) | L. acidophilus La5, B. animalis subs P. lactis BB-12 | Placebo | Similar effect |
| Maintenance of remission in Pouchitis | ||||
| Gionchetti et al[78] | 40 (crossover) | VSL#3 | Placebo | ↑ |
| Gionchetti et al[79] | 40 (20/20) | VSL#3 | Placebo | ↑ |
| Mimura et al[80] | 36 (20/16) | VSL#3 | Placebo | ↑ |
| Maintenance of remission in CD | ||||
| Prantera et al[81] | 45 (23/22) | Lactobacillus GG | Placebo | Similar effect |
| Bousvaros et al[82] | 75 (39/36) | Lactobacillus GG | placebo | Similar effect |
| Raju et al[83] | 90 (43/47) | L. johnsonii | placebo | Similar effect |
| Van Gossum et al[84] | 70 (34/36) | L. johnsonii | placebo | Similar effect |
| Induction of remission in CD | ||||
| Steed et al[85] | 24 (13/11) | B. longum, Synergy 1 + conventional therapy | Placebo + conventional therapy | Similar effect |
All article are randomized controlled trials. 5ASA: Mesalazine; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease.