Table 1.
Low-income urban African-American youth’s fruit, vegetable and fiber mean intake and frequency of youth meeting dietary recommendations by socio-demographic characteristics
| Food and nutrient intakes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruit, servings | Vegetables, servings | Total fiber (g) | |||||
| Individual characteristics of youth | n | Mean (SD) | RSa (%) | Mean (SD) | RSa (%) | Mean (SD) | RSb (%) |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 130 | 1.4 (1.0) | 21.5 | 1.6 (1.4) | 20 | 14.4 (9.4) | 7.5 |
| Female | 154 | 1.6 (1.2) | 30.5 | 1.9 (1.5) | 26 | 15.9 (11.8) | 13.5 |
| Age (years) | |||||||
| 10–11 | 126 | 1.6 (1.1) | 28 | 2.0 (1.9)c | 27 | 15.8 (11.2) | 12 |
| 12–14 | 159 | 1.5 (1.2) | 25 | 1.6 (1.5)d | 20 | 14.8 (10.4) | 10 |
| Time of the Year | |||||||
| School Year Intake | 214 | 1.1 (0.8)c | 21 | 1.9 (1.8)c | 20 | 16.1 (11.4)c | 10 |
| Summer Break Intake | 70 | 1.6 (1.2)d | 5 | 1.4 (1.2)d | 4 | 12.9 (8.7)d | 2 |
| Annual Income (US$) | |||||||
| 0–10,000 | 73 | 1.4 (0.9) | 24.3 | 1.6 (1.7) | 23.0 | 14.8 (9.9) | 10.8 |
| 10,001–20,000 | 60 | 1.6 (1.3) | 25.0 | 1.9 (1.7) | 21.7 | 16.0 (11.6) | 13.3 |
| 20,001–30,000 | 58 | 1.6 (1.1) | 27.5 | 1.6 (1.4) | 19.0 | 15.2 (10.5) | 7.0 |
| > 30,000 | 93 | 1.4 (1.2) | 28.0 | 1.8 (1.8) | 26.8 | 15.1 (11.0) | 11.8 |
| Caregiver Education Level | |||||||
| < High School | 104 | 1.4 (1.1) | 24.1 | 1.6 (1.5) | 19.2 | 14.9 (11.1) | 11.5 |
| High School | 121 | 1.5 (1.6) | 24.8 | 1.9 (1.8) | 27.3 | 15.7 (11.1) | 11.6 |
| > High School | 58 | 1.6 (1.3) | 32.8 | 1.8 (1.8) | 20.7 | 14.6 (9.0) | 6.9 |
| Food Assistance Participation | |||||||
| WIC | 248 | 1.55 (1.2) | 23.9 | 1.81 (1.7) | 20.4 | 15.4 (0.7) | 10.5 |
| SNAP | 253 | 1.54 (1.2) | 24.5 | 1.78 (1.7) | 20.1 | 15.4 (11.2) | 10.9 |
| School Food Program Participation | |||||||
| Breakfast | 64 | 1.56 (1.1) | 5.2 | 1.56 (1.6) | 4.5 | 13.7 (8.2) | 1.7 |
| Lunch | 216 | 1.51 (1.1) | 19.7 | 1.77 (1.6) | 19.3 | 15.4 (11.1) | 9.1 |
| Body Mass Index Classification | |||||||
| Normal weight | 153 | 1.54 (1.1) | 27.9 | 1.80 (1.6) | 25.9 | 15.8 (10.4) | 13.0 |
| Overweight | 67 | 1.53 (1.3) | 28.3 | 1.55 (1.6) | 19.4 | 14.3 (10.3) | 10.4 |
| Obese | 61 | 1.46 (1.2) | 19.7 | 1.84 (1.9) | 19.7 | 14.6 (12.6) | 8.2 |
Abbreviations: RS recommended serving (% of youth meeting recommended consumption amount), SD standard deviation
aFrequency of youth meeting the recommended intake of fruit (2 servings per day) and vegetable (2.5 servings per day) according to US Dietary Guideline, 2010 [33]
bFrequency of youth meeting the Adequate Intake recommended by the DRI: female (≥26 g/day) and male (≥31 g/day)
c,dAre statistically different when comparing groups between the youth characteristics: 2-independent t-test; anova or chi-square