Table 4.
Characteristics of Study Participants by Provider Type
| Characteristic | Provider Type N (weighted % or mean) | P-Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration | No USC (At least 1 year: N = 733; Both years: N = 1873) | Non-PCMH USC (At least 1 year: N = 4709; Both years: N = 4713) | PCMH (At least 1 year: N = 1466; Both years: N = 322) | No USC vs. Non-PCMH USC | No USC vs. PCMH | Non-PCMH USC vs. PCMH | |
| Age | |||||||
| 18-34 years | At least 1 year | 400 (54.7 %) | 1267 (27.3 %) | 397 (27.3 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.356 |
| 35-49 years | 225 (29.3 %) | 1661 (34.2 %) | 544 (36.5 %) | ||||
| 50-64 years | 108 (16.0 %) | 1781 (38.6 %) | 525 (36.2 %) | ||||
| 18-34 years | Both years | 895 (46.8 %) | 1087 (24.1 %) | 82 (26.0 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.412 |
| 35-49 years | 616 (32.0 %) | 1693 (34.8 %) | 121 (37.1 %) | ||||
| 50-64 years | 362 (21.2 %) | 1933 (41.1 %) | 119 (36.8 %) | ||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | At least 1 year | 327 (48.1 %) | 1405 (32.4 %) | 405 (29.1 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.032 |
| Female | 406 (51.9 %) | 3304 (67.6 %) | 1061 (70.9 %) | ||||
| Male | Both years | 710 (41.4 %) | 1346 (30.8 %) | 81 (25.5 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.054 |
| Female | 1,163 (58.6 %) | 3367 (69.2 %) | 241 (74.5 %) | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| White non-Hispanic | At least 1 Year | 367 (69.3 %) | 2947 (78.4 %) | 913 (78.5 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.311 |
| Black non-Hispanic | 115 (8.9 %) | 686 (7.6 %) | 226 (8.5 %) | ||||
| Hispanic | 211 (17.0 %) | 803 (9.3 %) | 258 (9.3 %) | ||||
| Other/multiple races | 40 (4.8 %) | 273 (4.8 %) | 69 (3.7 %) | ||||
| White non-Hispanic | Both years | 991 (71.6 %) | 3028 (79.5 %) | 208 (80.5 %) | 0.000 | 0.017 | 0.584 |
| Black non-Hispanic | 296 (8.6 %) | 690 (7.8 %) | 41 (6.4 %) | ||||
| Hispanic | 468 (14.5 %) | 741 (8.4 %) | 63 (9.7 %) | ||||
| Other/multiple races | 118 (5.3 %) | 254 (4.3 %) | 10 (3.4 %) | ||||
| Marital status | |||||||
| Married | At least 1 year | 250 (31.6 %) | 2100 (46.5 %) | 793 (57.3 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Widowed | 8 (1.6 %) | 185 (3.5 %) | 34 (2.1 %) | ||||
| Divorced/separated | 144 (20.5 %) | 1235 (25.0 %) | 304 (19.4 %) | ||||
| Never married | 331 (46.3 %) | 1189 (25.0 %) | 335 (21.2 %) | ||||
| Married | Both years | 686 (35.9 %) | 2266 (50.5 %) | 191 (61.8 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.012 |
| Widowed | 42 (2.2 %) | 177 (3.4 %) | 8 (1.9 %) | ||||
| Divorced/separated | 419 (22.9 %) | 1208 (24.0 %) | 56 (17.2 %) | ||||
| Never married | 726 (39.0 %) | 1062 (22.2 %) | 67 (19.0 %) | ||||
| Education | |||||||
| Less than high school diploma/unknown | At least 1 year | 204 (19.9 %) | 935 (13.6 %) | 226 (10.1 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.027 |
| High school diploma | 236 (29.6 %) | 1439 (28.9 %) | 441 (28.9 %) | ||||
| Some college | 172 (28.6 %) | 1224 (28.5 %) | 415 (31.0 %) | ||||
| 4 years or more of college | 121 (21.9 %) | 1111 (29.0 %) | 384 (30.0 %) | ||||
| Less than high school diploma/unknown | Both years | 476 (18.3 %) | 845 (12.1 %) | 44 (7.6 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.134 |
| High school diploma | 581 (28.6 %) | 1445 (29.2 %) | 90 (27.6 %) | ||||
| Some college | 470 (29.5 %) | 1247 (28.6 %) | 94 (32.1 %) | ||||
| 4 years or more of college | 346 (23.6 %) | 1176 (30.0 %) | 94 (32.7 %) | ||||
| Family income - year 1 | |||||||
| Poor/near poor (less than 125 % of the federal poverty level (FPL)) | At least 1 year | 305 (34.6 %) | 1413 (22.6 %) | 320 (15.9 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Low income (125-200 % FPL) | 155 (19.4 %) | 701 (13.6 %) | 219 (12.3 %) | ||||
| Middle income (200-400 % FPL) | 179 (27.9 %) | 1335 (29.6 %) | 435 (30.9 %) | ||||
| High income (more than 400 % FPL) | 94 (18.1 %) | 1260 (34.2 %) | 492 (40.9 %) | ||||
| Poor/near poor (less than 125 % FPL) | Both years | 707 (29.6 %) | 1277 (20.4 %) | 54 (12.4 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.029 |
| Low income (125-200 % FPL) | 357 (17.6 %) | 669 (12.6 %) | 49 (13.3 %) | ||||
| Middle income (200-400 % FPL) | 489 (29.2 %) | 1359 (29.8 %) | 101 (30.9 %) | ||||
| High income (more than 400 % FPL) | 320 (23.6 %) | 1408 (37.3 %) | 118 (43.4 %) | ||||
| Family income - year 2 | |||||||
| Poor/near poor (less than 125 % FPL) | At least 1 year | 299 (34.1 %) | 1433 (22.9 %) | 332 (16.8 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Low income (125-200 % FPL) | 114 (14.4 %) | 679 (12.7 %) | 216 (12.2 %) | ||||
| Middle income (200-400 % FPL) | 214 (31.2 %) | 1280 (27.8 %) | 407 (28.6 %) | ||||
| High income (more than 400 % FPL) | 106 (20.3 %) | 1317 (36.6 %) | 511 (42.4 %) | ||||
| Poor/near poor (less than 125 % FPL) | Both years | 708 (30.3 %) | 1290 (20.4 %) | 66 (15.1 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.149 |
| Low income (125-200 % FPL) | 322 (15.6 %) | 651 (12.0 %) | 36 (9.1 %) | ||||
| Middle income (200-400 % FPL) | 517 (28.9 %) | 1287 (27.9 %) | 97 (31.9 %) | ||||
| High income (more than 400 % FPL) | 326 (25.2 %) | 1485 (39.8 %) | 123 (44.0 %) | ||||
| Employment | |||||||
| Never employed | At least 1 year | 154 (17.4 %) | 1679 (30.5 %) | 404 (23.0 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Sometimes employed | 269 (37.5 %) | 1001 (20.1 %) | 320 (22.3 %) | ||||
| Always employed | 310 (45.1 %) | 2029 (49.3 %) | 742 (54.7 %) | ||||
| Never employed | Both years | 468 (21.4 %) | 1691 (30.3 %) | 78 (21.9 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Sometimes employed | 630 (32.5 %) | 898 (18.9 %) | 62 (17.4 %) | ||||
| Always employed | 775 (46.2 %) | 2124 (50.8 %) | 182 (60.6 %) | ||||
| Health insurance status – year 1 | |||||||
| Any private insurance | At least 1 year | 267 (45.9 %) | 2672 (65.8 %) | 967 (73.2 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Medicare | 24 (3.0 %) | 578 (10.9 %) | 137 (8.2 %) | ||||
| Medicaid/other public coverage | 110 (10.8 %) | 830 (12.4 %) | 217 (10.3 %) | ||||
| Uninsured | 332 (40.4 %) | 629 (10.9 %) | 145 (8.4 %) | ||||
| Any private insurance | Both years | 838 (54.6 %) | 2836 (68.4 %) | 232 (78.5 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Medicare | 99 (5.1 %) | 620 (11.5 %) | 20 (5.6 %) | ||||
| Medicaid/other public coverage | 318 (12.3 %) | 790 (11.7 %) | 49 (10.1 %) | ||||
| Uninsured | 618 (28.0 %) | 467 (8.4 %) | 21 (5.8 %) | ||||
| Health insurance status – year 2 | |||||||
| Any private insurance | At least 1 year | 259 (44.1 %) | 2550 (63.2 %) | 936 (71.0 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Medicare | 30 (4.2 %) | 672 (12.9 %) | 154 (9.2 %) | ||||
| Medicaid/other public coverage | 121 (12.1 %) | 873 (13.1 %) | 229 (11.4 %) | ||||
| Uninsured | 323 (39.6 %) | 614 (10.8 %) | 147 (8.4 %) | ||||
| Any private insurance | Both years | 790 (51.8 %) | 2725 (66.0 %) | 230 (78.6 %) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Medicare | 115 (6.0 %) | 717 (13.5 %) | 24 (6.4 %) | ||||
| Medicaid/other public coverage | 362 (14.3 %) | 815 (12.3 %) | 46 (8.9 %) | ||||
| Uninsured | 606 (27.9 %) | 456 (8.1 %) | 22 (6.2 %) | ||||
| Mental health condition | |||||||
| Anxiety disorders | At least 1 year | 392 (54.0 %) | 2595 (55.7 %) | 806 (55.8 %) | 0.447 | 0.484 | 0.936 |
| Mood disorders | 395 (53.9 %) | 2955 (62.0 %) | 872 (59.0 %) | 0.001 | 0.066 | 0.094 | |
| Other mental health conditions | 60 (8.7 %) | 410 (8.3 %) | 114 (8.2 %) | 0.724 | 0.724 | 0.932 | |
| Anxiety disorders | Both years | 1021 (53.9 %) | 2594 (56.2 %) | 178 (55.0 %) | 0.135 | 0.775 | 0.744 |
| Mood disorders | 1081 (57.3 %) | 2947 (61.7 %) | 194 (60.2 %) | 0.009 | 0.458 | 0.694 | |
| Other mental health conditions | 166 (9.5 %) | 401 (8.0 %) | 17 (6.7 %) | 0.098 | 0.198 | 0.498 | |
| Substance use disorder diagnosis | |||||||
| Yes | At least 1 year | 14 (1.9 %) | 94 (2.3 %) | 28 (1.8 %) | 0.534 | 0.894 | 0.292 |
| No | 719 (98.1 %) | 4,615 (97.7 %) | 1,438 (98.2 %) | ||||
| Yes | Both years | 42 (2.1 %) | 88 (2.2 %) | 6 (1.9 %) | 0.722 | 0.879 | 0.734 |
| No | 1,831 (97.9 %) | 4,625 (97.8 %) | 316 (98.1 %) | ||||