. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 25.

Published in final edited form as: J Rare Disord. 2015 Sep;3(2):http://www.journalofraredisorders.com/pub/IssuePDFs/Final.pdf.

Table 1.

Summary of Substance P and Beta-endorphin Levels

	Prader-Willi syndrome (n = 23)	Unrelated Siblings (n = 18)	F-value	P-value
Age (yrs)	8.2 ± 2.0	8.2 ± 2.3	0.01	0.92
BMI (kg/m²)	20.7 ± 5.0	18.2 ± 3.3	3.1	0.08
Substance P (pg/ml)	57.0 ± 23.1	34.8 ± 20.0	10.5	< 0.01
Beta-endorphin (pg/ml)	592 ± 200	402 ± 162	10.8	< 0.01
	Male (N=23)	Female (N=18)
Substance P (pg/ml)	47.8 ± 24.7	46.5 ± 24.4	0.03	0.86
Beta-endorphin (pg/ml)	495 ± 197	526 ± 221	0.2	0.64
	Deletion (N=15)	UPD (N=8)
Substance P (pg/ml)	52.5 ± 24.1	65.6 ± 19.9	1.7	0.20
Beta-endorphin (pg/ml)	555 ± 199	662 ± 197	1.5	0.23

Analysis carried out using uncontrolled analysis of variance by diagnostic subgroup, gender or PWS genetic subtype. UPD=uniparental maternal disomy 15