TABLE 4.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with pyrazinamide resistance
| Risk factor | No. (%) or mean age ± SD |
PZA monoresistance vs DS |
PZA resistance/MDR vs DS |
PZA resistance vs DS |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PZA monoresistancea (n = 37) | PZA resistance/MDRb (n = 39) | PZA resistance (n = 147) | DSc (n = 441) | Pd | OR (95% CI)d | Pd | OR (95% CI)d | Pd | OR (95% CI)d | |
| Male | 30 (81.1) | 26 (66.7) | 106 (72.1) | 301 (68.3) | 0.110 | 1.99 (0.855–4.649) | 0.838 | 0.93 (0.464–1.864) | 0.381 | 1.20 (0.796–1.816) |
| Age, yrs | 51.1 ± 21.3 | 54.4 ± 20.3 | 54.4 ± 20.3 | 46.8 ± 18.8 | 0.189 | 1.01 (0.994–1.030) | 0.018e | 1.02 (1.004–1.039) | 0.003e | 1.02 (1.005–1.025) |
| Previously treated, no. (%) | 12 (32.4) | 20 (51.3) | 53 (36.1) | 62 (14.1) | 0.004e | 2.93 (1.402–6.143) | <0.001e | 6.44 (3.250–12.74) | <0.001e | 3.45 (2.241–5.302) |
| Sputum smear positive, no. (%) | 23 (62.2) | 25 (64.1) | 91 (61.9) | 260 (59.0) | 0.703 | 1.14 (0.573–2.282) | 0.531 | 1.24 (0.629–2.457) | 0.528 | 1.13 (0.771–1.659) |
| Cavity | 10 (27.0) | 18 (46.2) | 38 (25.9) | 112 (25.4) | 0.827 | 1.09 (0.511–2.318) | 0.007e | 2.52 (1.295–4.896) | 0.913 | 1.02 (0.668–1.570) |
| Beijing family | 35 (94.6) | 38 (97.4) | 136 (92.5) | 369 (83.7) | 0.096 | 3.42 (0.803–13.52) | 0.050e | 7.42 (1.002–44.87) | 0.009e | 2.41 (1.242–4.287) |
a
PZA monoresistance, isolates resistant to pyrazinamide but susceptible to isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and streptomycin.
b
PZA resistance/MDR, isolates resistant to pyrazinamide as well as resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin.
c
DS, isolates susceptible to all the 5 tested drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin, and pyrazinamide).
d
P and OR (95% CI) were derived from the binary logistic regression model.
e
P < 0.05.