Table 1.
Hemodynamic parameters measured in (NZWxBXSB)F1 mice
| 8 weeks old, male (n = 6) |
10 weeks old, male (n = 6), treated from 8 to 10 weeks of age |
12 weeks old, male (n = 7–10), treated from 8 to 12 weeks of age |
14 weeks old, male (n = 7–10), treated from 10 to 14 weeks of age |
16 weeks old, male (n = 8) |
10 weeks old, female (n = 6–7), treated from 8 to 10 weeks of age |
14 weeks old, female (n = 7), treated from 10 to 14 weeks of age |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (g) | |||||||
| U | 26.6 ± 1.2 | 26.6 ± 0.6 | 31.0 ± 1.9 | 31.7 ± 1.6 | 31.6 ± 2.3† | 26.2 ± 2.5 | 27.9 ± 3.4 |
| V | 26.9 ± 1.0 | 30.9 ± 3.1 | 29.6 ± 3.4 | P = 0.0004 | |||
| A | 28.3 ± 0.8 | 30.0 ± 2.0 | 30.8 ± 3.0 | 25.7 ± 0.9 | 26.9 ± 2.3 | ||
| HR (bpm) | |||||||
| U | 437 ± 13 | 437 ± 15 | 493 ± 51 | 476 ± 29 | 464 ± 66 | 444 ± 55 | 418 ± 25 |
| V | 443 ± 48 | 507 ± 47 | 498 ± 53 | ||||
| A | 459 ± 33 | 456 ± 41 | 464 ± 37 | 456 ± 32 | 418 ± 30 | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | |||||||
| U | 108.7 ± 6.1 | 121.3 ± 6.0 | 138.5 ± 9.5 | 143.0 ± 13.2 | 158.8 ± 17.7† | 103.9 ± 7.1 | 107.5 ± 3.3 |
| V | 122.2 ± 3.8 | 143.4 ± 13.3 | 142.7 ± 8.8 | P < 0.0001 | |||
| A | 107.5 ± 3.7* | 114.5 ± 11.7* | 121.4 ± 10.7* | 103.7 ± 7.9 | 104.7 ± 3.6 | ||
| P = 0.0001 | P = 0.0001 | P = 0.0001 | |||||
| DBP (mmHg) | |||||||
| U | 80.5 ± 3.4 | 84.3 ± 5.4 | 97.6 ± 7.8 | 97.9 ± 11.1 | 109.6 ± 12.1† | 73.7 ± 4.7 | 77.0 ± 3.5 |
| V | 89.9 ± 4.2 | 101.1 ± 11.2 | 100.2 ± 6.2 | P = 0.0001 | |||
| A | 79.2 ± 4.2 | 83.5 ± 8.3* | 86.5 ± 8.0* | 75.2 ± 5.0 | 76.0 ± 3.4 | ||
| P = 0.002 | P = 0.006 | ||||||
| MAP (mmHg) | |||||||
| U | 93.4 ± 4.5 | 100.3 ± 4.7 | 115.0 ± 8.1 | 116.9 ± 12.1 | 130.9 ± 15† | 88.0 ± 5.3 | 91.1 ± 3.1 |
| V | 104.9 ± 3.9 | 119.8 ± 12.6 | 118.1 ± 7.1 | P = 0.0001 | |||
| A | 92.5 ± 3.5* | 97.4 ± 9.0* | 102.1 ± 8.4* | 88.5 ± 5.7 | 89.3 ± 3.7 | ||
| P = 0.0003 | P = 0.0004 | P = 0.002 | |||||
| PP (mmHg) | |||||||
| U | 28.1 ± 3.7 | 36.9 ± 4.2 | 40.9 ± 7.0 | 45.0 ± 7.0 | 49.2 ± 6.9† | 30.2 ± 3.5 | 30.5 ± 2.1 |
| V | 32.4 ± 2.4 | 42.4 ± 3.9 | 42.5 ± 5.8 | P < 0.0001 | |||
| A | 28.3 ± 3.9 | 31.0 ± 5.3* | 34.9 ± 6.3* | 28.6 ± 3.4 | 28.7 ± 1.7 | ||
| P = 0.0009 | P = 0.006 | ||||||
| Ea (mmHg µL−1) | |||||||
| U | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 6.0 ± 0.8 | 7.0 ± 0.9 | 6.7 ± 1.0 | 7.0 ± 0.8† | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.5 ± 0.6 |
| V | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 7.0 ± 1.3 | 6.7 ± 1.0 | P = 0.0004 | |||
| A | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 4.8 ± 0.8* | 5.5 ± 0.9* | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | ||
| P = 0.0004 | P = 0.003 | ||||||
| SV (µL) | |||||||
| U | 21.0 ± 2.5 | 20.7 ± 3.3 | 19.8 ± 2.5 | 21.1 ± 3.0 | 21.0 ± 2.9 | 24.4 ± 4.6 | 24.3 ± 3.8 |
| V | 23.0 ± 2.8 | 20.2 ± 3.1 | 21.4 ± 2.9 | ||||
| A | 21.9 ± 3.1 | 24.5 ± 4.4 | 22.6 ± 3.1 | 23.0 ± 1.7 | 24.3 ± 4.3 | ||
| CO (mL min−1) | |||||||
| U | 10.3 ± 1.4 | 9.7 ± 1.6 | 10.3 ± 1.8 | 10.6 ± 1.7 | 10.6 ± 1.6 | 11.2 ± 2.8 | 11.3 ± 2.5 |
| V | 10.6 ± 2.4 | 10.6 ± 1.8 | 10.0 ± 1.9 | ||||
| A | 10.4 ± 1.0 | 11.9 ± 2.4 | 10.6 ± 1.9 | 11.3 ± 2.1 | 10.7 ± 1.8 | ||
| EF (%) | |||||||
| U | 46.4 ± 2.7 | 43.1 ± 6.1 | 39.6 ± 4.0 | 43.3 ± 4.3 | 40.2 ± 5.9† | 53.6 ± 8.0 | 46.0 ± 7.8 |
| V | 58.0 ± 12.1 | 42.0 ± 2.8 | 38.8 ± 2.8 | P = 0.04 | |||
| A | 51.9 ± 4.7 | 45.1 ± 5.9 | 41.5 ± 3.5 | 50.7 ± 4.7 | 47.4 ± 5.9 | ||
| dP/dt max (mmHg s−1) | |||||||
| U | 7970 ± 1203 | 8334 ± 600 | 9301 ± 1479 | 8735 ± 771 | 9432 ± 784 | 7857 ± 1434 | 9430 ± 2455 |
| V | 9996 ± 2041 | 9710 ± 931 | 8959 ± 1297 | ||||
| A | 7870 ± 1385 | 8313 ± 642 | 8162 ± 875 | 8252 ± 1462 | 7836 ± 580 | ||
| dP/dt min (mmHg s−1) | |||||||
| U | −7207 ± 1260 | −7755 ± 643 | −8550 ± 1472 | −7858 ± 1517 | −8611 ± 1974 | −7772 ± 1153 | −8283 ± 1629 |
| V | −8313 ± 1987 | −8313 ± 2132 | −8290 ± 1571 | ||||
| A | −8352 ± 1894 | −7850 ± 1290 | −8443 ± 2298 | −7594 ± 799 | −7192 ± 832 | ||
P values for the differences in age-matched groups are calculated using one-way ANOVA. Values are mean ± SD.
U, untreated; V, treated with a vehicle; A, treated with A1-A1; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PP, pulse pressure; Ea, arterial elastance; SV, stroke volume; CO, cardiac output; EF, ejection fraction.
*
Indicates that values measured in the A1-A1-treated group are significantly lower than values measured in both U and V age-matched control groups (determined with the post hoc Bonferroni test).
†
Indicates comparison between untreated 8-week-old and 16-week-old mice.