Table II.
Association of serum inflammatory cytokines concentrations with the risk of depression in patients following ischemic stroke in quartiles based on serum concentration.
| Parameter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Ptrenda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRP mean ± SD, mg/l | 1.14±0.29 | 1.86±0.23 | 2.67±0.33 | 4.99±2.32 | – |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (reference) | 0.67 (0.33–1.37) | 0.84 (0.42–1.69) | 0.96 (0.49–1.88) | 0.928 |
| HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (reference) | 0.73 (0.34–1.55) | 0.90 (0.44–1.86) | 1.07 (0.52–2.21) | 0.695 |
| Cases (n) | 22 | 17 | 20 | 23 | – |
| Controls (n) | 63 | 73 | 68 | 69 | – |
| IL-1β mean ± SD, pg/ml | 4.74±1.67 | 9.01±2.09 | 13.30±1.97 | 21.64±8.05 | – |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (reference) | 0.77 (0.37–1.60) | 1.11 (0.56–2.21) | 1.27 (0.65–2.49) | 0.344 |
| HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (reference) | 0.79 (0.38–1.69) | 1.23 (0.59–2.55) | 1.29 (0.64–2.60) | 0.306 |
| Cases (n) | 21 | 16 | 21 | 24 | – |
| Controls (n) | 72 | 71 | 65 | 65 | – |
| IL-2 mean ± SD, pg/ml | 4.91±1.21 | 7.99±0.67 | 10.69±1.18 | 18.62±4.76 | – |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (reference) | 0.93 (0.46–1.88) | 1.07 (0.53–2.15) | 1.04 (0.51–2.08) | 0.831 |
| HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (reference) | 1.07 (0.51–2.25) | 1.19 (0.58–2.49) | 1.24 (0.59–2.62) | 0.519 |
| Cases (n) | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | – |
| Controls (n) | 67 | 72 | 66 | 68 | – |
| IL-6 mean ± SD, pg/ml | 5.03±1.39 | 8.96±1.36 | 13.57±1.56 | 23.15±6.28 | – |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (reference) | 2.38 (1.05–5.40) | 2.92 (1.31–6.52) | 3.23 (1.45–7.20) | 0.004 |
| HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (reference) | 2.56 (1.05–5.97) | 2.69 (1.18–6.16) | 3.18 (1.37–7.36) | 0.011 |
| Cases (n) | 10 | 21 | 25 | 26 | – |
| Controls (n) | 77 | 68 | 66 | 62 | – |
| TNF-α mean ± SD, pg/ml | 5.95±1.38 | 9.84±1.40 | 14.94±1.53 | 25.84±5.24 | – |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (reference) | 1.18 (0.57–2.42) | 1.22 (0.60–2.47) | 1.36 (0.67–2.75) | 0.406 |
| HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (reference) | 1.27 (0.60–2.67) | 1.46 (0.69–3.03) | 1.27 (0.61–2.65) | 0.476 |
| Cases (n) | 18 | 20 | 22 | 22 | – |
| Controls (n) | 71 | 67 | 71 | 64 | – |
a
P for trend is based on quartile trend variable and all Ps are two-sided.
b
Crude data analysis. HR and 95% CI have no adjustments.
c
HR and 95% CI after adjusting for age, gender, education, smoking, alcohol assumption, marriage, hemisphere, stroke severity, infarct size and infarct sites. CRP, C reactive protein; SD, standard deviation; HR, hazar radio; CI, confidence interval; IL, interleukin, TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.