Table I.
Study characteristics: Effect of breviscapine on renal function in patients with DN.
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/l) | Serum creatinine (µmol/l) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First author, year | Stage of DN | n | Age (years) | History of DM | Intervention (breviscapine) | Treatment duration | Baseline | After intervention | Baseline | After intervention | Refs. |
| Chen, 2007 | 56.4 | 12 (y) | (17) | ||||||||
| III | T: 12 | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 2 weeks | N | 4.4±1.4 | N | 78±14 | ||||
| C: 12 | C: -b | 4.8±1.5 | 79±17 | ||||||||
| IV | T: 13 | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 2 weeks | N | 7.8±2.6 | N | 120±36 | ||||
| C: 13 | C: -b | 12.3±3.8 | 149±25 | ||||||||
| Yu, 2010 | III | T: 34 | 63.5±4.5 | 10.0±6.5 (y) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | N | N | 85±18 | 78±12 | (18) |
| C: 34 | 64.0±3.5 | 10.6±3.5 (y) | C: -a | 91±15 | 85±16 | ||||||
| Wang, 2009 | III | T: 20 | 68 (mean) | 8 (y) (mean) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 2 weeks | N | N | 85±18 | 78±12 | (19) |
| C: 20 | 70 (mean) | 10 (y) (mean) | C: -a | 92±14 | 86±15 | ||||||
| Huang, 2011 | III | T: 18 | 64 (mean) | 8 (y) (mean) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | N | N | 85.0±18.0 | 78.0±12.0 | (20) |
| C: 18 | 66 (mean) | 10 (y) (mean) | C: -a | 92.1±13.9 | 86.0±15.0 | ||||||
| Shen, 2011 | IV | T: 36 | 52.3±5.7 | N | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 3 weeks | 10.12±2.02 | 6.09±2.52 | 153.7±35.3 | 106.9±27.1 | (21) |
| C: 39 | 51.9±6.8 | N | C: -a | 9.35±1.87 | 6.93±2.65 | 150.1±39.5 | 125.2±30.5 | ||||
| Wu, 2009 | IV | T: 36 | 62±2 | 5.01±1.85 (y) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 1 month | 11.15±1.32 | 6.02±1.36 | 155.32±12.26 | 70.58±25.25 | (22) |
| C: 34 | 61±3 | 5.32±2.45 (y) | C: -a | 12.31±2.54 | 9.86±1.55 | 153.25±15.74 | 132.36±23.21 | ||||
| Huang, 2004 | III | T: 34 | 66.5±8.4 | 4.8±2.5 (y) | T: 60 mg i.v. drip. Qd-u | 3 weeks | 5.48±1.26 | 5.46±1.35 | 85.59±20.12 | 84.34±19.89 | (23) |
| C: 28 | 65.3±6.5 | 4.58±2.10 (y) | C: -u | 5.32±1.34 | 5.45±1.43 | 79.38±19.78 | 81.45±21.45 | ||||
| Li, 2006 | III–IV | T: 40 | 48–77 (mean 54.5) | 4–18 (m) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | 12.06±1.84 | 5.28±1.57 | 218.63±18.84 | 132.53±17.32 | (24) |
| C: 36 | 50–75 (mean 53.5) | 5–17 (m) | C: -a | 11.63±2.25 | 9.04±1.35 | 218.54±19.20 | 180.60±20.1 | ||||
| Fang, 2011 | III | T: 58 | 43.76±11.92 | 2.36±0.97 (y) | T: 30 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 3 weeks | 13.45±3.02 | 7.76±1.69 | 139.41±10.13 | 117.05±6.94 | (25) |
| C: 58 | 42.67±10.42 | 2.69±1.05 (y) | C: -a | 13.34±2.98 | 9.27±2.16 | 137.35±9.79 | 126.72±8.35 | ||||
| Qiao, 2009 | 62.25±8.90 | N | (26) | ||||||||
| IV | T: 52 | T: 40 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | 16.1±10.1 | 10.2±9.0 | 310.9±156.4 | 220.1±66.4 | ||||
| C: 40 | C: -a | 14.7±9.2 | 11.5±9.3 | 289.1±123.1 | 210.2±49.8 | ||||||
| Zhong, 2011 | 41–65 (mean 54) | 3–8 (y) | (27) | ||||||||
| III | T: 30 | T: 30 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 3 weeks | 7.31±1.58 | 5.48±0.87 | 94.52±10.31 | 92.45±9.86 | ||||
| C: 29 | C: -a | 7.01±1.32 | 6.89±1.19 | 96.22±11.08 | 96.79±9.83 | ||||||
| Liu, 2011 | III | T: 34 | 58.7±9.1 | 8.6±5.7 (y) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-u | 15 days | 8.48±1.32 | 8.43±1.28 | 91.63±15.82 | 88.47±16.21 | (28) |
| C: 34 | 59.3±8.3 | 8.4±6.1 (y) | C: -u | 8.39±1.29 | 8.41±1.33 | 89.85±14.78 | 90.45±15.58 | ||||
| Xu, 2008 | III–IV | T: 36 | 42–79 | N | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 4 weeks | 12.36±2.84 | 6.09±2.50 | 253.25±87.20 | 102.53±77.19 | (29) |
| C: 40 | 41–76 | N | C: -b | 11.04±1.62 | 9.96±1.55 | 239.40±101.17 | 196.68±88.24 | ||||
| Wu, 2011 | III | T: 30 | 58.3±7.4 | 7.1±4.5 (y) | T: 40 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 2 weeks | 4.98±1.76 | 5.01±1.64 | 75.64±15.23 | 73.68±12.45 | (30) |
| C: 30 | 55.9±8.1 | 6.8±5.1 (y) | C: -a | 5.11±0.98 | 5.07±0.86 | 74.47±14.86 | 73.48±13.12 | ||||
| Liu, 2007 | III | T: 23 | 66±5 | 10±5 (y) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | N | N | 101.00±25.10 | 94.73±19.78 | (31) |
| C: 22 | 66±6 | 10±5 (y) | C: -a | 85.00±18.50 | 78.00±11.53 | ||||||
| Liu, 2007 | 66±5 | 10±4 (y) | (32) | ||||||||
| III | T: 22 | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 2 weeks | N | N | 85.0±18.5 | 78.0±11.5 | ||||
| C: 23 | C: -a | 91.6±13.8 | 85.6±15.4 | ||||||||
| Jiang, 2010 | III | T: 42 | 54.12±8.56 | N | T: 40 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | 5.31±1.12 | 5.45±1.05 | 69.04±12.35 | 67.24±8.14 | (33) |
| C: 38 | 58.15±7.25 | N | C: -a | 5.35±1.21 | 5.26±0.95 | 69.25±9.20 | 68.15±10.15 | ||||
| Zhang, 2006 | III | T: 40 | 60±3 | 9.1±4.8 (y) | T: 20 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | 12.22±5.14 | 7.51±2.69 | 153.31±46.67 | 104.47±30.43 | (34) |
| C: 40 | 61±3 | 9.3±5.4 (y) | C: -a | 12.32±5.26 | 8.54±3.26 | 152.24±50.14 | 123.78±35.67 | ||||
| Qiao, 2010 | 66±3 | 9±3 (y) | (35) | ||||||||
| III | T: 30 | 49–72 | 6–21 (y) | T: 40 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 1 month | 16.3±2.8 | 10.0±0.9 | 121.03±24.90 | 72.82±11.48 | ||
| C: 30 | 50–78 | 5–23 (y) | C: -a | 15.9±3.1 | 12.5±2.8 | 123.02±18.40 | 87.02±12.83 | ||||
| Lan, 2008 | 30–76 (mean 57.3) | 5–28 (mean 1.9) (y) | (36) | ||||||||
| III | T: 13 | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 2 weeks | N | 4.1±1.2 | N | 75±13 | ||||
| C: 13 | C: -b | 4.6±1.5 | 78±14 | ||||||||
| IV | T: 15 | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 2 weeks | N | 7.6±2.3 | N | 122±36 | ||||
| C: 15 | C: -b | 12.0±3.5 | 150±25 | ||||||||
| Huang, 2012 | 69.62±4.28 | N | (37) | ||||||||
| III | T: 21 | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 15 days | N | 4.2±1.3 | N | 76±12 | ||||
| C: 21 | C: -a | 4.7±1.4 | 79±13 | ||||||||
| IV | T: 22 | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 15 days | N | 7.5±2.2 | N | 121±35 | ||||
| C: 22 | C: -a | 7.7±3.2 | 151±30 | ||||||||
n, patient number enrolled; DN, diabetic nephropathy; T, breviscapine treatment group; C, control group; DM, diabetes mellitus; y, year; m, month; N, not mentioned; a, ACEI and/or ARB used; b, ACEI or ARB not mentioned; u, ACEI or ARB not used; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; Qd, once per day; i.v., intravenous.