Table II.
Study characteristics: Effect of breviscapine on urine protein in patients with DN.
| 24-h urine protein (g) | Urine albumin excretion rate (µg/min) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First author, year | Stage of DN | n | Age (year) | History of DM | Intervention (breviscapine) | Treatment duration | Baseline | After intervention | Baseline | After intervention | Refs. |
| Chen, 2007 | 56.4 | 12 (y) | (17) | ||||||||
| III | T: 12 | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 2 weeks | N | 0.12±0.02 | N | N | ||||
| C: 12 | C: -b | 0.18±0.05 | |||||||||
| IV | T: 13 | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 2 weeks | N | 1.06±0.64 | N | N | ||||
| C: 13 | C: -b | 1.36±0.70 | |||||||||
| Yu, 2010 | III | T: 34 | 63.5±4.5 | 10.0±6.5 (y) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | 0.208±0.056 | 0.125±0.056 | 91.30±21.7 | 73.10±17.5 | (18) |
| C: 34 | 64.0±3.5 | 10.6±3.5 (y) | C: -a | 0.216±0.055 | 0.175±0.055 | 119.2±24.5 | 87.80±22.3 | ||||
| Wang, 2009 | III | T: 20 | 68 (mean) | 8 (y) (mean) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 2 weeks | 0.210±0.054 | 0.123±0.058 | N | N | (19) |
| C: 20 | 70 (mean) | 10 (y) (mean) | C: -a | 0.218±0.057 | 0.175±0.055 | ||||||
| Huang, 2011 | III | T: 18 | 64 (mean) | 8 (y) (mean) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | N | N | 140.0±36.0 | 82.0±38.7 | (20) |
| C: 18 | 66 (mean) | 10 (y) (mean) | C: -a | 145.3±38.0 | 116.7±36.7 | ||||||
| Shen, 2011 | IV | T: 36 | 52.3±5.7 | N | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 3 weeks | N | N | 322.3±93.6 | 208.5±101.1 | (21) |
| C: 39 | 51.9±6.8 | C: -a | 306.5±78.3 | 253.9±85.7 | |||||||
| Wu, 2009 | IV | T: 36 | 62±2 | 5.01±1.85 (y) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 1 month | 1.75±0.48 | 0.89±0.56 | N | N | (22) |
| C: 34 | 61±3 | 5.32±2.45 (y) | C: -a | 1.89±0.56 | 1.15±0.36 | ||||||
| Huang, 2004 | III | T: 34 | 66.5±8.4 | 4.8±2.5 (y) | T: 60 mg i.v. drip. Qd-u | 3 weeks | 0.146±0.040 | 0.066±0.050 | (23) | ||
| C: 28 | 65.3±6.5 | 4.58±2.1 (y) | C: -u | 0.143±0.043 | 0.096±0.054 | ||||||
| Fang, 2011 | III | T: 58 | 43.76±11.92 | 2.36±0.97 (y) | T: 30 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 3 weeks | 0.512±0.041 | 0.142±0.018 | N | N | (25) |
| C: 58 | 42.67±10.42 | 2.69±1.05 (y) | C: -a | 0.505±0.039 | 0.315±0.026 | ||||||
| Qiao, 2009 | 62.25±8.9 | N | (26) | ||||||||
| IV | T: 52 | T: 40 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | 1.95±0.35 | 1.08±0.20 | N | N | ||||
| C: 40 | C: -a | 1.87±0.42 | 1.49±0.30 | ||||||||
| Zhong, 2011 | 41–65 (mean 54) | 3–8 (y) | (27) | ||||||||
| III | T: 30 | T: 30 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 3 weeks | 0.151±0.051 | 0.092±0.027 | N | N | ||||
| C: 29 | C: -a | 0.149±0.048 | 0.124±0.037 | ||||||||
| Zhai, 2000 | 37–72 | 5–20 (y) | (38) | ||||||||
| III–IV | T: 52 | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | 0.253±0.087 | 0.102±0.053 | N | N | ||||
| C: 52 | C: -a | 0.239±0.101 | 0.196±0.088 | ||||||||
| Wang, 2011 | III | T: 18 | N | N | T: 40 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 20 days | 0.198±0.027 | 0.124±0.022 | N | N | (39) |
| C: 18 | C: -b | 0.198±0.028 | 0.198±0.023 | ||||||||
| Qian, 2011 | 37.5±65.8 | 6.7 (y) (mean) | (40) | ||||||||
| III | T: 30 | T: 60 mg i.v. drip. Qd-u | 2 weeks | 0.165±0.022 | 0.077±0.043 | N | N | ||||
| C: 30 | C: -u | 0.160±0.021 | 0.104±0.043 | ||||||||
| Li, 2010 | III | T: 30 | 62.8±5 | 7.6±2 (y) | T: 60 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 15 days | N | N | 56.43±42.86 | 22.13±15.89 | (41) |
| C: 28 | 61.5±5 | 7.2±2 (y) | C: -a | 55.87±43.72 | 37.93±28.56 | ||||||
| Liu, 2011 | III | T: 34 | 58.7±9.1 | 8.6±5.7 (y) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-u | 15 days | 0.155±0.020 | 0.075±0.041 | N | N | (28) |
| C: 34 | 59.3±8.3 | 8.4±6.1 (y) | C: -u | 0.158±0.019 | 0.102±0.041 | ||||||
| Xu, 2008 | III–IV | T: 36 | 42–79 | N | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 4 weeks | 3.13±0.51 | 2.04±0.43 | N | N | (29) |
| C: 40 | 41–76 | C: -b | 3.07±0.48 | 2.76±0.62 | |||||||
| Wu, 2011 | III | T: 30 | 58.3±7.4 | 7.1±4.5 (y) | T: 40 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 2 weeks | 0.185±0.062 | 0.081±0.031 | N | N | (30) |
| C: 30 | 55.9±8.1 | 6.8±5.1 (y) | C: -a | 0.181±0.071 | 0.102±0.048 | ||||||
| Liu, 2007 | III | T: 23 | 66±5 | 10±5 (y) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | 0.85±0.38 | 0.25±0.27 | 83.19±38.98 | 56.63±33.64 | (31) |
| C: 22 | 66±6 | 10±5 (y) | C: -a | 0.61±0.30 | 0.41±0.18 | 66.39±42.87 | 52.56±36.73 | ||||
| Liu, 2007 | 66±5 | 10±4 (y) | (32) | ||||||||
| III | T: 22 | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 2 weeks | N | N | 95.4±52.6 | 43.5±23.4 | ||||
| C: 23 | C: -a | 94.1±54.2 | 88.5±36.7 | ||||||||
| Jiang, 2010 | III | T: 42 | 54.12±8.56 | N | T: 40 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | 0.172±0.051 | 0.084±0.029 | N | N | (33) |
| C: 38 | 58.15±7.25 | C: -a | 0.175±0.073 | 0.098±0.056 | |||||||
| Zhang, 2006 | III | T: 40 | 60±3 | 9.1±4.8 (y) | T: 20 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 4 weeks | 0.376±0.020 | 0.104±0.013 | N | N | (34) |
| C: 40 | 61±3 | 9.3±5.4 (y) | C: -a | 0.377±0.020 | 0.182±0.013 | ||||||
| Qiao, 2010 | III | T: 30 | 49–72 | 6–21 (y) | T: 40 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 1 month | 0.85±0.34 | 0.26±0.25 | 82.21±37.82 | 42.51±32.81 | (35) |
| C: 30 | 50–78 | 5–23 (y) | C: -a | 0.60±0.31 | 0.41±0.09 | 85.36±42.45 | 54.54±35.68 | ||||
| Lan, 2008 | 30–76 (mean 57.3) | 5–28 (mean 1.9) (y) | (36) | ||||||||
| III | T: 13 | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 2 weeks | N | 0.13±0.03 | N | N | ||||
| C: 13 | C: -b | 0.17±0.04 | |||||||||
| Wang, 2005 | III | T: 32 | 56.43±17.13 | N | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 15 days | 2.93±0.62 | 2.07±0.49 | N | N | (42) |
| C: 32 | 61.58±15.36 | C: -a | 2.87±0.52 | 2.73±0.62 | |||||||
| Li, 2011 | III | T: 50 | 41–72 (mean 52.5) | 4–11 (mean 8.2) (y) | T: 60 mg i.v. drip. Qd-u | 15 days | N | N | 85.95±14.22 | 69.36±13.41 | (43) |
| C: 50 | 40–72 (mean 51.8) | 4–10 (mean 7.8) (y) | C: -u | 86.14±14.07 | 78.48±15.13 | ||||||
| Zhao, 2012 | III | T: 30 | 45–70 | 6–30 (y) | T: 50 mg i.v. drip. Qd-u | 4 weeks | 2.54±1.48 | 1.27±0.98 | N | N | (44) |
| C: 30 | 46–71 | 5–32 (y) | C: -u | 2.14±1.56 | 2.08±1.47 | ||||||
| Liu, 2008 | III | T: 53 | 57.5±3.6 | 8.6±5.7 (y) | T: 40 mg i.v. drip. Qd-u | 15 days | 0.169±0.058 | 0.078±0.041 | N | N | (45) |
| C: 53 | 56.5±3.8 | 8.4±5.8 (y) | C: -u | 0.168±0.059 | 0.166±0.058 | ||||||
| Liu, 2003 | III–IV | T: 24 | 46.0±6.6 | 6.5±4.4 (y) | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 1 month | 1.99±1.46 | 1.55±1.38 | N | N | (46) |
| C: 24 | 46.2±6.8 | 6.2±4.8 (y) | C: -b | 2.03±1.34 | 1.66±1.42 | ||||||
| Yuan. 2005 | III | T: 24 | N | N | T: 40 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 30 days | 0.198±0.027 | 0.123±0.022 | N | N | (47) |
| C: 24 | C: -b | 0.198±0.029 | 0.197±0.023 | ||||||||
| IV | T: 15 | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 2 weeks | N | 1.09±0.68 | N | N | ||||
| C: 15 | C: -b | 1.32±0.70 | |||||||||
| Kang, 2003 | III | T: 48 | 61.5±14.6 | 18.7±12.8 (y) | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-b | 2 weeks | N | N | 89.92±11.62 | 43.13±7.18 | (11) |
| C: 20 | 62.3±11.5 | 18.2±11.6 (y) | C: -b | 91.08±10.76 | 89.56±12.37 | ||||||
| Huang, 2012 | 69.62±4.28 | N | (37) | ||||||||
| III | T: 21 | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 15 days | N | 0.13±0.02 | N | N | ||||
| C: 21 | C: -a | 0.18±0.02 | |||||||||
| IV | T: 22 | T: 100 mg i.v. drip. Qd-a | 15 days | N | 1.08±0.67 | N | N | ||||
| C: 22 | C: -a | 1.31±0.69 | |||||||||
n, patient number enrolled; DN, diabetic nephropathy; T, breviscapine treatment group; C, control group; DM, diabetes mellitus; y, year; m, month; N, not mentioned; a, ACEI and/or ARB used; b, ACEI or ARB not mentioned; u, ACEI or ARB not used; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; Qd, once per day; i.v., intravenous.