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AS IV reduced isoflurane-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in rat serum. (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-1β and (C) IL-6 levels detected in rat sera at 12 h post-anesthesia. **P<0.01 vs. Sham group; ##P<0.01 vs. AS IV (0 mg/kg). TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; AS IV, astragaloside IV; IL, interleukin.
