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Cumulative incidence rates of complications as shown by (A) 30-day readmissions, (B) development of pneumonia within 30 days, and (C) 1-year mortality in patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) after receiving total hip replacement. Significant differences in the complication risks between the 2 groups are shown by the log-rank test. The cumulative incidence curves show that the patients with COPD had a higher incidence rate than those without COPD did.
