Table 5. Monte Carlo simulation results using economic and accounting bed-day values to estimate the cost of bloodstream infections, 10 European hospitals, 2010–2011 (n = 606,649).
| Exposure | Population | Excess LOS per BSI days (95% CrI) a |
Expected annual cumulative incidence per hospital b | Estimated cost per infection EUR (95% CrI) |
Estimated cost per hospital-year EUR 1,000 (95% CrI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic costing c | Accounting costing d | Economic costing c | Accounting costing d | ||||
| MSSA BSI | Hospitalised patients | 10.3 (9.3–11.5) |
102 | 760 (190–3,000) |
9,500 (5,800–16,000) |
77 (19–300) |
970 (590–1,600) |
| MRSA BSI | Hospitalised patients | 12.2 (9.9–14.7) |
19 | 890 (220–3,600) |
11,000 (6,600–19,000) |
17 (4.1–67) |
210 (130–360) |
| Meticillin resistance | Patients with S. aureus BSI | 1.9 (−0.7 to 4.6) |
NA | 120 (−60 to 740) |
1,600 (−700 to 5,000) |
NA | NA |
| 3GCSE BSI | Hospitalised patients | 4.4 (3.9–4.9) |
242 | 320 (80–1,300) |
4,000 (2,400–6,700) |
77 (19–300) |
970 (590–1,600) |
| 3GCRE BSI | Hospitalised patients | 7.9 (6.6–9.4) |
41 | 560 (140–2,300) |
7,300 (4,300–12,000) |
24 (5–94) |
300 (180–510) |
| 3GC resistance | Patients with Enterobacteriaceae BSI | 3.5 (2.1–5.1) |
NA | 250 (60–1,100) |
3,200 (1,600–6,000) |
NA | NA |
BSI: bloodstream infection; CrI: credible interval; LOS: length of stay; MRSA/MSSA: meticillin-resistant/susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; NA: not applicable; 3GC: third-generation cephalosporins; 3GCRE/3GCSE: third-generation cephalosporin-resistant/susceptible Enterobacteriaceae.
a Output from probabilistic sensitivity analysis based on input distributions, reproduced to demonstrate consistency with estimates from the current study.
b Estimated for a hospital with 450,000 bed-days annually (95% CrI not displayed because precision from the study cohort is such that no additional uncertainty is added to the model).
c Employs the bed-day valuation derived from a contingent valuation survey that estimated the opportunity cost of each bed-day consumed by a patient with BSI.
d Employs the bed-day valuation computed by dividing total hospital budget for one year by the number of bed-days supplied during the same period. Refer to [8] for further details. All costs are displayed at two significant figures.