Table 4.
Regression between E/e′ at 60–64 years and SBP and antihypertensive treatment at four time points with further adjustment for covariables (n=1490 for all models—with valid outcome and SBP at age 60–64 years)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variable | β (95% CI) | p Value | β (95% CI) | p Value | β (95% CI) | p Value | β (95% CI) | p Value | β (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Age 36 (n=1490) | SBP | 0.015 (0.006 to 0.024) | 0.001 | 0.015 (0.006 to 0.024) | 0.001 | 0.007 (−0.002 to 0.016) | 0.118 | 0.008 − (0.001 to 0.017) | 0.072 | 0.006 (−0.003 to 0.015) | 0.170 |
| Age 43 (n=1490) | SBP | 0.019 (0.011 to 0.027) | <0.001 | 0.017 (0.009 to 0.025) | <0.001 | 0.008 (0.000 to 0.017) | 0.052 | 0.009 (0.001 to 0.017) | 0.031 | 0.009 (0.000 to 0.017) | 0.045 |
| Age 53 (n=1490) | SBP | 0.022 (0.017 to 0.028) | <0.001 | 0.020 (0.014 to 0.026) | <0.001 | 0.013 (0.007 to 0.019) | <0.001 | 0.011 (0.003 to 0.017) | 0.001 | 0.010 (0.003 to 0.016) | 0.003 |
| Age 60–64 (n=1490) | SBP | 0.024 (0.019 to 0.030) | <0.001 | 0.023 (0.018 to 0.029) | <0.001 | NR | NR | 0.021 (0.015 to 0.027) | <0.001 | 0.020 (0.014 to 0.025) | <0.001 |
| Age 36 | HTT | NR | NR | −0.06 (−1.18 to 1.06) | 0.917 | 0.06 (−1.05 to 1.18) | 0.909 | 0.004 (−1.08 to 1.09) | 0.994 | 0.01 (−1.06 to 1.08) | 0.981 |
| Age 43 | HTT | NR | NR | 1.38 (0.62 to 2.13) | <0.001 | 1.34 (0.59 to 2.08) | <0.001 | 1.13 (0.39 to 1.87) | 0.003 | 1.03 (0.30 to 1.75) | 0.006 |
| Age 53 | HTT | NR | NR | 0.72 (0.39 to 1.05) | <0.001 | 0.72 (0.39 to 1.04) | <0.001 | 0.62 (0.30 to 0.95) | <0.001 | 0.55 (0.23 to 0.88) | 0.001 |
| Age 60–64 | HTT | NR | NR | 0.69 (0.44 to 0.95) | <0.001 | NR | NR | 0.55 (0.29 to 0.82) | <0.001 | 0.48 (0.21 to 0.75) | <0.001 |
The variable β is regression coefficient for E/e′ versus SBP (mm Hg) or antihypertensive treatment (HTT). Model 1: adjusted for age sex and CRF attended. Model 2: model 1+HTT at given age (for SBP) or model 1+SBP at given age (for HTT). Model 3: model 2+SBP at 60–64 years. Model 4: model 3+T2DM+BMI+smoking status+physical activity status. Model 5: model 4+left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area. Numbers of individuals receiving HTT were 51 (2%), 107 (3%), 438 (15%) and 640 (27%) at age 36, 43, 53 and 60–64 years, respectively.
BMI, body mass index; CRF, clinical research facility; NR, not relevant; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.