Table 1. The type and amount of fluids given in each group.

Group	Type of fluids	Amount of fluids
sham	No fluids	No fluids
S	No fluids	No fluids
LR	LR (30ml/h × 6h)	LR:180ml
MT	melatonin (50mg/kg) + LR (30ml/h × 6h)	melatonin:11.71 ± 0.12 mg; LR:180ml
HS	hypertonic saline (6ml/kg) + LR (30ml/h × 6h)	hypertonic saline:1.41± 0.02 ml; LR:180ml
HES	hydroxyethyl starch (30ml/kg) + LR (30ml/h × 6h)	hydroxyethyl starch:7.03 ± 0.06 ml; LR:180ml

The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. In the sham group and the Shock group (S group, n = 8), rats were given no fluids. Animals subjected to resuscitation were treated with lactated Ringer solution (LR group,30 mL/h × 6hr), melatonin plus LR (MT group, 50mg/kg), 7.5% hypertonic saline plus LR (HS group, 6ml/kg), or hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 plus LR(HES group, 30ml/kg). Data of the amount of fluids are presented as means ± S.E.M., n = 8 in each group.