Table 2.
Risk factors for incident HFpEF
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | p-value | multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (per SD) | 2.33 (1.91–2.86) | <0.001 | 2.27 (1.72–3.01) | <0.001 |
| Female | 0.84 (0.58–1.22) | 0.369 | 0.89 (0.54–1.46) | 0.638 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White | Ref (--) | -- | Ref (--) | -- |
| Chinese | 0.79 (0.42–1.47) | 0.454 | 1.53 (0.64–3. 67) | 0.337 |
| Black | 0.69 (0.42–1.12) | 0.132 | 0.46(0.26–0.82) | 0.009 |
| Hispanic | 0.87 (0.54–1.41) | 0.576 | 0.66 (0.34–1.30) | 0.231 |
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||
| Heart Rate (per SD) | 1.26 (1.05–1.50) | 0.012 | 1.11 (0.92–1.36) | 0.279 |
| Hypertension | 3.44 (2.26–5.23) | <0.001 | 1.81 (1.14–2.90) | 0.013 |
| Body mass index (per SD) | 1.27 (1.09–1.49) | 0.002 | 1.35 (1.08–1.68) | 0.009 |
| Diabetes | 3.42 (2.29–5.11) | <0.001 | 2.33 (1.47–3.71) | <0.001 |
| Current Smoking | 0.91 (0.51–1.62) | 0.743 | -- | -- |
| Total Cholesterol (per SD) | 0.79 (0.65–0.97) | 0.023 | 0.94 (0.76–1.16) | 0.555 |
| HDL Cholesterol (per SD) | 0.86 (0.69–1.06) | 0.151 | -- | -- |
| eGFR (per SD) | 1.51 (1.25–1.84) | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.72–1.17) | 0.508 |
| CRP (per log SD) | 1.27 (1.09–1.49) | 0.003 | 1.17 (0.93–1.46) | 0.177 |
| IL-6 (per log SD) | 2.15 (1.64–2.80) | <0.001 | 1.32 (0.91–1.93) | 0.147 |
| LVH by ECG | 5.00 (2.01–12.44) | 0.001 | 4.33 (1.70–11.04) | 0.002 |
| CAC > 0 | 2.35 (1.57–3.51) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.54–1.51) | 0.702 |
| Interim MI | 6.66 (3.91–11.34) | <0.001 | 4.80 (2.67–8.62) | <0.001 |
| NT-proBNP > 75th percentile* | 4.65 (3.07–7.03) | <0.001 | 2.41 (1.45–4.00) | 0.001 |
| Detectable Troponin T* | 11.55 (6.24–21.39) | <0.001 | 4.52 (1.88–10.87) | 0.001 |
| LV mass index (per SD)** | 1.36 (1.13–1.64) | 0.001 | 1.29 (1.04–1. 60) | 0.018 |
*
Available in a subset of the population (5,569 individuals);
**
Available in a subset of the population (4,980 individuals)