Table 9. Non-Invariance Effect Sizes for Mothers and Fathers.

	% of Observed Difference (Scale)	dMACS	Expected Difference Due to Non- Invariance	% of Observed Difference (Dimension)	Overall Effect of Non-Invariance
Effortful Control			.22	43%	.06
Attentional
Focusing	0%	0
Inhibitory
Control	0%	.04
Low Intensity Pleasure	60%	.23
Perceptual Sensitivity	0%	.11
Negative Affectivity			-.01	100%	.04
Anger/Frustration	0%	0
Discomfort	0%	.10
Sadness	0%	.10
Fear	0%	.06
Soothability	118%	.17
Surgency			.30	77%	.06
Smiling and Laughter	94%	.27
High Intensity Pleasure	0%	.11
Impulsivity	0%	0
Shyness	-	.08
Approach/Anticipation	82%	.15

Note. % of Observed Difference (scale).The portion of the observed mean difference in scale scores that can be attributed to intercept non-invariance; Expected difference due to non-invariance.the degree to which observed mean scores on a dimension of temperament are expected to differ between groups based on non-invariance alone (positive values indicate mothers' scores will be inflated, negative values indicate fathers' score will be inflated); % of Observed Difference (Dimension).The portion of the observed mean difference in dimension scores that can be attributed to non-invariance. Values presented are from examinations of measurement invariance across mothers and fathers based on boys' and girls' ratings averaged together.