Table 1.

Molecules of EPEC and EHEC that interact with the inflammasome.

Molecule	EPEC or EHEC specific	Inflammasome and/or Sensors	Known Function/Inflammasome manipulation	References
EprJ	EHEC	Nlrc4 (murine)	Inner rod protein of ETT2. Induce murine NLRC4 activation. Type of NAIP protein for the recognition is unknown.	Miao et al., 2010a
EscI	Both	Naip2/Nlrc4(murine); NLRC4 (human)	Inner rod protein of T3SS. Induce NLRP4 in a murine Naip2-dependent manner. Recognition by human NAIP is unknown.	Miao et al., 2010b; Zhao et al., 2011
EprI	EHEC	Naip1 (murine); NAIP (human)	A needle protein of ETT2. Induce murine/human NAIP1-dependent activation of NLRC4.	Yang et al., 2013; Zhao and Shao, 2015
NleA	Both *	NLRP3	Inhibit NLRP3-inflammasome formation. Interferes state of NLRP3 ubiquitination.	Yen et al., 2015
NleB	Both *	NLRP3 (?)	Glycosyltransferase; Inhibitor of NF-κB and FADD/Caspase-8 apoptosis; A potential inhibitor of non-Canonical NLRP3 inflammasome by suppressing FADD/Caspase-8.	Gao et al., 2013; Li et al., 2013; Pearson et al., 2013
NleF	Both *	NLRP3 (?)	Inhibitor of Caspase-4,-8, and –9 associated cell death; A pseudosubstrate of Caspase-9; A potential pseudosubstrate to Caspase-4 and –8 by blocking non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activity.	Blasche et al., 2013

^*NleA, NleB, and NleF are also present in Citrobacter rodentium and rabbit enteric pathogenic Escherichia coli O15:K-:NM (strain RDEC-1).