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. 2016 Aug;8(8):1981–1985. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2016.06.60

Table 1. Main presenting signs & symptoms of pectus excavatum (PE) recurrence after Ravitch repair.

Symptoms N [%]
Recurrence/persistent deformity 20 [100]
Chest pain/discomfort 15 [75]
Decreased endurance or dyspnoea at exertion 15 [75]
Sternal and costal (arch) instability 4 [20]
Decreased ability to work 3 [15]
Palpitations/tachycardia 3 [15]
HBroken bar(s) (movable implant) 1 [5]