| Total intraoperative complications |
5 (9.6) |
1 (14.3) |
1 (16.7) |
3 (7.7) |
0.71 |
| Pulmonary artery/vein bleeding |
3 (5.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
3 (7.7) |
0.59 |
| Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury |
1 (1.9) |
0 (0) |
1 (16.7) |
0 (0) |
0.02 |
| Tracheal/bronchi injury |
1 (1.9) |
1 (14.3) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.04 |
| Total postoperative complications |
23 (44.2) |
1 (14.3) |
1 (14.3) |
21 (53.8) |
0.054 |
| Prolonged air leak for ≥7 days |
12 (23.1) |
1 (14.3) |
1 (16.7) |
10 (25.6) |
0.75 |
| Pneumonia requiring antibiotics |
7 (13.5) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
7 (17.9) |
0.26 |
| Mucous plug requiring intervention |
4 (7.7) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
4 (10.3) |
0.49 |
| Pneumothorax requiring chest tube reinsertion |
3 (5.8) |
1 (14.3) |
1 (16.7) |
1 (2.6) |
0.23 |
| Respiratory failure |
2 (3.9) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (5.1) |
0.71 |
| Aspiration demonstrated by imaging |
1 (1.9) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (2.6) |
0.84 |
| Pulmonary embolism |
1 (1.9) |
0 (0) |
1 (16.7) |
0 (0) |
0.02 |
| Hemothorax requiring intervention |
1 (1.9) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (2.6) |
0.84 |
| Atrial fibrillation |
8 (15.4) |
0 (0) |
1 (16.7) |
7 (17.9) |
0.48 |
