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. 2016 Aug 26;6:32316. doi: 10.1038/srep32316

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(A) Development of rotational flows in the ascending aorta, (B) rotational velocity in the ascending aorta, (C) comparison of rotational velocity in the ascending aorta depending on the helical rotation directions, and (D) average rotational velocity of the whole aortic flow. Note that the black solid line in (A) is the centerline axis of the thoracic aorta. *Statistical difference (p < 0.01, Bonferroni corrected) in comparison with the rotational velocity of straight aortic valve flow. ^†Statistical difference (p < 0.01, Bonferroni corrected) in comparison with the rotational velocity in the same aortic flow direction, but at 15°. The error bar indicates the mean + SD. Only positive errors are shown for clarity.