Figure 4. Comparison of λ_ci for aortic flows with various aortic valve directions.

(A) Volumetric visualization of λ_ci and representative cross-sectional velocity fields at high λ_ci regions. Note that λ_ci indicates the local intensity of rotational flow. (B) Plot of the average λ_ci in the thoracic aorta. *Indicates statistical differences (p < 0.01, Bonferroni corrected) in comparison with the rotational velocity of the straight aortic valve flow. ^†Indicates statistical differences (p < 0.01, Bonferroni corrected) in comparison with the rotational velocity in the same aortic flow direction, but at 15°. The error bar indicates the mean ± SE. L indicates the left direction.