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. 2016 Aug 26;6:32316. doi: 10.1038/srep32316

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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(A) Volume-rendering of TKE in the thoracic aorta, (B) comparison with the top 5% percentile of TKE, (C) effect of the aortic valve angle, and (D) effect of helical rotation. *Statistical difference (p < 0.01, Bonferroni corrected) in comparison with TKE at the straight aortic valve flow. ^†Statistical difference (p < 0.01, Bonferroni corrected) in comparison with TKE at the same aortic flow direction, but at 15°. The error bar indicates the mean + SD. Only the positive error is shown for clarity.