. 2016 Aug 26;6:32316. doi: 10.1038/srep32316

Table 1. Experimental results.

Flow condition	Flow angle [degree]	0	15	15	15	15	30	30	30	30
Flow condition	Flow direction	Straight	Anterior	Left	Posterior	Right	Anterior	Left	Posterior	Right
Rotational velocity	V_rot,AsAo [cm/s] (N = 826)	29.54 ± 14.73	21.36 ± 12.54^*	28.70 ± 26.07	53.45 ± 27.28^*	49.79 ± 24.54^*	28.61 ± 17.07^†	21.50 ± 19.46^*,^†	62.34 ± 31.32^*,^†	51.18 ± 29.69^*
Rotational velocity	V_rot,avg [cm/s] (N = 257,780)	5.56 ± 10.74	4.03 ± 8.28^*	4.58 ± 10.67^*	8.85 ± 17.36^*	6.50 ± 15.67^*,^†	5.87 ± 11.83^*,^†	4.86 ± 10.26^*,^†	11.19 ± 19.63^*,^†	6.50 ± 15.67^*,^†
Impinging parameters	Impinging angle [degree] (N = 5)	46.13 ± 1.41	32.89 ± 2.35	11.96 ± 1.88	20.43 ± 0.76	35.93 ± 0.46	12.02 ± 2.17	38.63 ± 1.20	28.08 ± 0.90	21.18 ± 1.18
	V_jet,peak [cm/s] (N = 5)	94.02 ± 2.51	101.52 ± 3.98	149.82 ± 2.64	153.22 ± 4.00	124.28 ± 3.65	154.86 ± 3.48	154.86 ± 4.17	156.08 ± 2.26	151.42 ± 6.10
	V_goa,peak [cm/s] (N = 5)	220.00	248.40	243.50	237.50	238.30	231.20	235.30	235.30	234.30
	A_jet [cm²]	1.85 ± 0.05	1.80 ± 0.07	1.24 ± 0.02	1.21 ± 0.03	1.49 ± 0.04	1.27 ± 0.03	1.32 ± 0.04	1.20 ± 0.02	1.24 ± 0.05
	A_goa [cm²]					0.79
	Q [L/min]					8.10
	P_imp [mmHg]	4.86 ± 0.22	2.85 ± 0.48	0.61 ± 0.19	1.74 ± 0.18	4.00 ± 0.05	0.61 ± 0.21	5.18 ± 0.20	3.19 ± 0.24	1.83 ± 0.27
WSS	WSS 95% [Pa] (N = 4335)	0.52 ± 0.10	0.77 ± 0.10^*	0.68 ± 0.22^*	0.83 ± 0.13^*	0.81 ± 0.11^*	0.81 ± 0.09^*,^†	0.70 ± 0.23^*,^†	1.04 ± 0.30^*,^†	0.98 ± 0.09^*,^†
	WSS 5% [Pa] (N = 4335)	0.003 ± 0.006	0.004 ± 0.007^*	0.005 ± 0.008^*	0.004 ± 0.008^*	0.003 ± 0.005^*	−0.005 ± 0.006^*,^†	−0.004 ± 0.005^*,^†	0.006 ± 0.009^*,^†	0.006 ± 0.009^*,^†
	WSS_max [Pa]	0.86	1.07	1.48	1.20	1.08	1.18	1.52	2.06	1.45
Energy parameters	TKE_95% [mJ] (N = 12,889)	115.93 ± 18.24	100.20 ± 19.89^*	105.02 ± 25.64^*	111.76 ± 23.67^*	115.77 ± 23.59	88.44 ± 22.54^*,^†	89.34 ± 17.70^*,^†	108.74 ± 25.79^*,^†	95.40 ± 24.60^*,^†
	TKE_max [J/m³]	228.28	265.08	244.30	217.02	199.98	258.25	233.44	229.47	254.80
	Total TKE [mJ]	7.47	5.64	5.81	6.83	7.20	4.95	5.42	6.64	5.59
	Total MKE [mJ]	14.72	16.05	16.39	22.73	19.08	16.21	14.80	26.38	19.18
	Total KE [mJ]	22.19	21.69	20.20	29.56	26.28	21.16	20.22	33.02	24.76

V_rot,AsAo = rotational velocity at the ascending aorta; V_rot,avg = averaged rotational velocity in the thoracic aorta; V_jet,peak = peak velocity of the jet flow at the impinging region; V_goa,peak = peak velocity of the jet flow at the exit of the aortic valve; A_jet = area of the jet at the impinging region; A_goa = area of the jet flow at the exit of the aortic valve; Q = flow rate; P_imp = estimated impinging pressure; N = number of elements.

^*Statistically different (p < 0.01) in comparison with TKE in straight aortic valve flow.

^†Statistically different (p < 0.01) in comparison with TKE in the same aortic flow direction, but at 15° of the aortic valve flow. Data indicates the mean ± SD.