Figure 1. Schematics of the MEEP mechanism.

(a) The area of the cell membrane with the CSMEN particles at the vicinity under the influence of an a.c. magnetic field experiences anisotropic strain in the core (CoFe₂O₄) and high localized surface potential change on the shell (BaTiO₃); (b) On the other side of the cell is an electro magnet which attracts the CSMEN towards itself. Within a few nanometer distances from cell membrane, a CSMEN changes the cell’s external potential U_ext as the magnetic field is turned on, resulting in nanopore opening on cell membrane; (c) CSMEN penetrates through the electrically opened nanopore towards the magnetic field due to Lorentz force; (d) Schematics of pore opening phenomena on cell membranes due to the CSMEN as a result of displacement of phospholipids; (e,f) Various plane view of the volcanic shaped nanopore on bilayer phospholipid membrane from which particle penetrates into the cell and continue to move towards the magnetic field.